Soft Condensed Matter: Forces between Atoms and Molecules
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Questions and Answers

What type of forces allow atoms and molecules to approach and condense?

  • Ionic interactions
  • Van der Waals forces (correct)
  • Metallic bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • Which type of interaction prevents matter from collapsing in on itself?

  • Hydrophobic interactions
  • Hard sphere repulsion due to overlap of electron clouds (correct)
  • Ionic interactions
  • Van der Waals forces
  • What is the form of the potential energy due to simple van der Waals interactions?

  • $U(r)=+a/r^{12}$
  • $U(r)=-a/r^{12}$
  • $U(r)=-a/r^6$ (correct)
  • $U(r)=+a/r^6$
  • Which type of bonding is based on empirical models and has a potential energy model best represented by $U(r)=+a/r^{12}$?

    <p>Ionic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction is not mentioned as a main type of bonding in solids and liquids?

    <p>Ligand binding interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forces act to overcome thermal agitation of atoms/molecules and allow them to approach and condense?

    <p>Attractive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Van der Waals (Dispersion) forces in condensed matter systems?

    <p>Inducing dipoles on neighboring atoms and attracting one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interactions result from the transfer of electrons between atoms?

    <p>Ionic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonding involves sharing electrons between two or more atoms to fill valence shells or contribute to a delocalized sea of conduction electrons?

    <p>Covalent and Metallic Bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes 'hard' condensed matter systems?

    <p>Long range positional order in crystalline solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are typically included in 'soft' condensed matter systems?

    <p>Glues, paints, soaps, rubbers, polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important role in soft matter systems apart from Van der Waals forces?

    <p>Hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and ligand binding interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is disrupted by the thermal motions of isolated atoms at room temperature?

    <p>$ ext{Van der Waals (Dispersion)}$ forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bonding type typically has energies of ~100-300$kT_{room}$ and is not easily disrupted by thermal motion?

    <p>$ ext{Covalent and Metallic Bonding}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Soft' condensed matter systems can display properties of both solids and liquids, including:

    <p>$ ext{Viscosity}$ and $ ext{stress-strain rate}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hard' condensed matter includes which of the following characteristics?

    <p>$ ext{Long range positional}$ order in $ ext{crystalline solids} $</p> Signup and view all the answers

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