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Soft Condensed Matter: Forces between Atoms and Molecules

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Soft Condensed Matter: Forces between Atoms and Molecules

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Questions and Answers

What type of forces allow atoms and molecules to approach and condense?

Ionic interactions

Van der Waals forces (correct)

Metallic bonds

Covalent bonds

Which type of interaction prevents matter from collapsing in on itself?

Hydrophobic interactions

Hard sphere repulsion due to overlap of electron clouds (correct)

Ionic interactions

Van der Waals forces

What is the form of the potential energy due to simple van der Waals interactions?

$U(r)=+a/r^{12}$

$U(r)=-a/r^{12}$

$U(r)=-a/r^6$ (correct)

$U(r)=+a/r^6$

Which type of bonding is based on empirical models and has a potential energy model best represented by $U(r)=+a/r^{12}$?

Ionic interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction is not mentioned as a main type of bonding in solids and liquids?

Ligand binding interactions Signup and view all the answers

What forces act to overcome thermal agitation of atoms/molecules and allow them to approach and condense?

Attractive forces Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Van der Waals (Dispersion) forces in condensed matter systems?

Inducing dipoles on neighboring atoms and attracting one another Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions result from the transfer of electrons between atoms?

Ionic interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bonding involves sharing electrons between two or more atoms to fill valence shells or contribute to a delocalized sea of conduction electrons?

Covalent and Metallic Bonding Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes 'hard' condensed matter systems?

Long range positional order in crystalline solids Signup and view all the answers

What materials are typically included in 'soft' condensed matter systems?

Glues, paints, soaps, rubbers, polymers Signup and view all the answers

What plays an important role in soft matter systems apart from Van der Waals forces?

Hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and ligand binding interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is disrupted by the thermal motions of isolated atoms at room temperature?

$ ext{Van der Waals (Dispersion)}$ forces Signup and view all the answers

Which bonding type typically has energies of ~100-300$kT_{room}$ and is not easily disrupted by thermal motion?

$ ext{Covalent and Metallic Bonding}$ Signup and view all the answers

'Soft' condensed matter systems can display properties of both solids and liquids, including:

$ ext{Viscosity}$ and $ ext{stress-strain rate}$ Signup and view all the answers

'Hard' condensed matter includes which of the following characteristics?

$ ext{Long range positional}$ order in $ ext{crystalline solids} $ Signup and view all the answers