16 Questions
What type of forces allow atoms and molecules to approach and condense?
Van der Waals forces
Which type of interaction prevents matter from collapsing in on itself?
Hard sphere repulsion due to overlap of electron clouds
What is the form of the potential energy due to simple van der Waals interactions?
$U(r)=-a/r^6$
Which type of bonding is based on empirical models and has a potential energy model best represented by $U(r)=+a/r^{12}$?
Ionic interactions
Which type of interaction is not mentioned as a main type of bonding in solids and liquids?
Ligand binding interactions
What forces act to overcome thermal agitation of atoms/molecules and allow them to approach and condense?
Attractive forces
What is the role of Van der Waals (Dispersion) forces in condensed matter systems?
Inducing dipoles on neighboring atoms and attracting one another
What type of interactions result from the transfer of electrons between atoms?
Ionic interactions
Which type of bonding involves sharing electrons between two or more atoms to fill valence shells or contribute to a delocalized sea of conduction electrons?
Covalent and Metallic Bonding
What characterizes 'hard' condensed matter systems?
Long range positional order in crystalline solids
What materials are typically included in 'soft' condensed matter systems?
Glues, paints, soaps, rubbers, polymers
What plays an important role in soft matter systems apart from Van der Waals forces?
Hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and ligand binding interactions
What is disrupted by the thermal motions of isolated atoms at room temperature?
$ ext{Van der Waals (Dispersion)}$ forces
Which bonding type typically has energies of ~100-300$kT_{room}$ and is not easily disrupted by thermal motion?
$ ext{Covalent and Metallic Bonding}$
'Soft' condensed matter systems can display properties of both solids and liquids, including:
$ ext{Viscosity}$ and $ ext{stress-strain rate}$
'Hard' condensed matter includes which of the following characteristics?
$ ext{Long range positional}$ order in $ ext{crystalline solids} $
Explore the forces that act between atoms and molecules, allowing them to approach and condense into condensed phases such as liquids and solids. This quiz is based on the further reading material from Soft Condensed Matter by R.A.L. Jones, Oxford University Press, 2002, Chapter 1, Pages 1-10.
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