Questions and Answers
What is the trade name for sodium polystyrene sulfonate?
Kayexalate
What is the therapeutic class for sodium polystyrene sulfonate?
Hypokalemic, electrolyte modifiers
What is the pharmacologic class for sodium polystyrene sulfonate?
Cationic exchange resins
What are the indications for sodium polystyrene sulfonate?
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Which of the following is true regarding the implementation of sodium polystyrene sulfonate?
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When administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate orally, which step is essential?
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What should be done before administering a retention enema?
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For retention enema with sodium polystyrene sulfonate, which of the following steps should be taken?
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What is the desired outcome of sodium polystyrene sulfonate treatment?
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Study Notes
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Overview
- Trade name: Kayexalate
- Therapeutic class: Hypokalemic electrolyte modifiers
- Pharmacologic class: Cationic exchange resins
Indications
- Used for treating mild to moderate hyperkalemia.
- In cases of severe hyperkalemia, immediate treatments include sodium bicarbonate IV, calcium, or glucose/insulin infusion.
Implementation Guidelines
- Solution stability: Can be refrigerated for 24 hours.
- Consult healthcare provider about discontinuation of medications that increase serum potassium (e.g., ACE inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements).
- Administer an osmotic laxative, such as sorbitol, concurrently to prevent constipation.
Oral Administration
- Shake commercially available suspension well before use.
- For powder form, mix prescribed amount with 3-4 mL of water per gram of powder and shake well.
- Syrup formulations may be utilized for improved taste; resin cookie or candy recipes can be discussed with a pharmacist or dietitian.
Retention Enema Procedure
- Cleanse the colon prior to retention enema with a cleansing enema.
- Administer solution using a rectal tube or 28-French Foley catheter with a 30 mL balloon.
- Insert the tube at least 20 cm and secure it in place with tape.
Retention Enema Administration
- Mix powder with 100 mL of prescribed solution (commonly sorbitol or 20% dextrose in water) and shake until fully dissolved.
- Position patient on left side, elevating the hips on a pillow if leakage occurs.
- Follow medication administration with an additional 50-100 mL of diluent to ensure complete dose delivery.
- Encourage patient to retain the enema for at least 30-60 minutes.
Post-Retention Care
- After retention period, irrigate the colon with 1-2 liters of non-sodium-containing solution.
- Employ a Y-connector with tubing, allowing cleansing solution to be administered through one port and draining through another.
Evaluation of Treatment
- Desired outcomes include the normalization of serum potassium levels.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate, including its trade name, therapeutic class, and indications for use. Additionally, it discusses administration guidelines and the importance of concurrent treatments. Test your knowledge on this critical medication used for managing hyperkalemia.
