Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Overview

Study Notes

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Overview

Trade name: Kayexalate
Therapeutic class: Hypokalemic electrolyte modifiers
Pharmacologic class: Cationic exchange resins

Indications

Used for treating mild to moderate hyperkalemia.
In cases of severe hyperkalemia, immediate treatments include sodium bicarbonate IV, calcium, or glucose/insulin infusion.

Implementation Guidelines

Solution stability: Can be refrigerated for 24 hours.
Consult healthcare provider about discontinuation of medications that increase serum potassium (e.g., ACE inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements).
Administer an osmotic laxative, such as sorbitol, concurrently to prevent constipation.

Oral Administration

Shake commercially available suspension well before use.
For powder form, mix prescribed amount with 3-4 mL of water per gram of powder and shake well.
Syrup formulations may be utilized for improved taste; resin cookie or candy recipes can be discussed with a pharmacist or dietitian.

Retention Enema Procedure

Cleanse the colon prior to retention enema with a cleansing enema.
Administer solution using a rectal tube or 28-French Foley catheter with a 30 mL balloon.
Insert the tube at least 20 cm and secure it in place with tape.

Retention Enema Administration

Mix powder with 100 mL of prescribed solution (commonly sorbitol or 20% dextrose in water) and shake until fully dissolved.
Position patient on left side, elevating the hips on a pillow if leakage occurs.
Follow medication administration with an additional 50-100 mL of diluent to ensure complete dose delivery.
Encourage patient to retain the enema for at least 30-60 minutes.

Post-Retention Care

After retention period, irrigate the colon with 1-2 liters of non-sodium-containing solution.
Employ a Y-connector with tubing, allowing cleansing solution to be administered through one port and draining through another.

Evaluation of Treatment

Desired outcomes include the normalization of serum potassium levels.

Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate, including its trade name, therapeutic class, and indications for use. Additionally, it discusses administration guidelines and the importance of concurrent treatments. Test your knowledge on this critical medication used for managing hyperkalemia.