Electrolytes

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Questions and Answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

  • Hypotension, dehydration, confusion, increased BP
  • Fatigue, dry skin, confusion, decreased BP
  • Headache, cramps, seizures, muscle spasms (correct)
  • Thirst, edema, increase HR, orthostatic hypotension

What is the treatment plan for hypernatremia?

  • Fluids, chloride, low sodium diet
  • Prescribe diuretics, safety precaution, chloride
  • Hypotonic solution, low sodium diet, fluids (correct)
  • Add hypertonic solution to shrink the cell, prescribe diuretics

What is the role of chloride in the body?

  • Regulates nerve and muscle activity
  • Works on the CNS, the brain and the spinal cord
  • Responsible for water regulation/balance
  • Needed to make HCL acid for digestion (correct)

How does the body respond to low sodium levels in hyponatremia?

<p>Cell will swell, signs of headache, cramps, seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of potassium in the body?

<p>Regulates nerve and muscle activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body respond to high sodium levels in hypernatremia?

<p>Cell will shrink, signs of hypotension, dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sodium and chloride levels in the body?

<p>When sodium is up, chloride is up and vice versa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?

<p>Hypotension, dehydration, fatigue, confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low sodium levels on the cell in hyponatremia?

<p>Cell will swell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sodium in the body?

<p>Responsible for water regulation/balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

<p>Paresthesia and seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypermagnesemia?

<p>Administer lactated ringer solution and IV fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphate in the body?

<p>Helps build bone and teeth, and has an inverse relationship with calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia?

<p>Weakness, kidney stones, and confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

<p>Cramps and tetany (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypokalemia?

<p>Administer potassium through IV pump and administer K rich diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hypercalcemia in the body?

<p>Increases excitability of muscles and nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

<p>Responsible for vasodilation and muscle relaxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

<p>Muscle twitching and cramps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium in the body?

<p>Helps build bone and teeth, and regulates nerve and muscle activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hyperphosphatemia?

<p>Monitor lab results and administer diuretics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

<p>Muscle twitching and cramps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypokalemia?

<p>Administer potassium through IV pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

<p>Excitability and paresthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypercalcemia?

<p>Safety and fluids to remove excess (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phosphate in the body?

<p>Helps build bone and teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia?

<p>Weakness and kidney stones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

<p>Cramps and tetany (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

<p>Decrease in blood pressure and respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of magnesium in the body?

<p>Responsible for vasodilation and muscle relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a patient has hypophosphatemia?

<p>They have an elevated level of calcium (hypercalcemia) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inverse relationship between phosphate and calcium?

<p>When phosphate is up, calcium is down and vice versa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia?

<p>Muscle weakness and kidney stones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypercalcemia?

<p>Safety precautions and fluids to remove excess calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

<p>Decreased blood pressure and absent reflexes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypokalemia?

<p>Administer potassium through IV pump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

<p>Muscle relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

<p>Weakness and absent reflexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphate in the body?

<p>Helps build bone and teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of potassium in the body?

<p>Causes excitability of muscles and nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sodium and chloride levels in the body?

<p>Directly proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inverse relationship between phosphate and calcium?

<p>When phosphate is up, calcium is down and vice versa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sodium in the body?

<p>Maintains fluid balance and osmotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

<p>Headache, cramps, seizures, muscle spasms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypernatremia?

<p>Hypotonic solution, safety precautions, low sodium diet, fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chloride in the body?

<p>Needed to make HCL acid for digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sodium and chloride levels in the body?

<p>Directly proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sodium in the body?

<p>Water regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low sodium levels on the cell in hyponatremia?

<p>Cell will swell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

<p>Nerve and muscle activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sodium levels are down in the body?

<p>Chloride levels go down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

<p>Thirst, muscle weakness, respiratory depression, cardiac arrest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphate in the body?

<p>Energy metabolism, bone and teeth formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of hypocalcemia?

<p>Chvostek's sign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for hyperphosphatemia?

<p>Bed rails and low position of bed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

<p>Muscle relaxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common sign of hypermagnesemia?

<p>Absent reflexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inverse relationship between phosphate and calcium levels in the body?

<p>When phosphate is up, calcium is down (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

<p>Headache, seizures, and muscle spasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment plan for hypernatremia?

<p>Administer hypotonic solution and encourage safety precautions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chloride in the body?

<p>Chloride is needed to make HCL acid for digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sodium levels are down in the body?

<p>Chloride levels also decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of potassium in the body?

<p>Regulation of nerve and muscle activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Electrolyte Imbalance and Treatment Summary

  • Sodium is responsible for water regulation and nerve/muscle activity, with hyponatremia causing cell swelling and hypernatremia causing cell shrinkage.
  • Symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, cramps, seizures, confusion, and increased blood pressure and heart rate, treated with hypertonic solution and diuretics.
  • Hypernatremia symptoms include hypotension, dehydration, fatigue, and dry skin, treated with hypotonic solution and low sodium diet.
  • Chloride, sister to sodium, is essential for HCL acid production in the stomach and works with sodium for nerve and muscle regulation and water balance.
  • Potassium regulates muscle and nerve activity, with hyperkalemia causing muscle twitching and cramps and hypokalemia causing fatigue and slow heart rate.
  • Calcium is essential for nerve and muscle activity and bone health, with hypocalcemia causing excitability and seizures and hypercalcemia causing weakness and kidney stones.
  • Phosphate helps build bone and teeth and has an inverse relationship with calcium, with hypophosphatemia causing weakness and confusion and hyperphosphatemia causing seizures.
  • Magnesium is responsible for vasodilation and muscle relaxation, with hypomagnesemia causing cramps and tetany and hypermagnesemia causing decreased blood pressure and heart rate.
  • Treatment plans for electrolyte imbalances include administration of IV solutions, diuretics, fall precautions, and safety measures.
  • Key symptoms and treatment plans for each electrolyte imbalance are crucial for patient care and management.
  • Understanding the role of each electrolyte and its impact on the body's functions is essential for healthcare professionals in providing effective care.
  • Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels and prompt intervention for imbalances are vital for maintaining overall health and well-being.

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