Electrolytes
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Questions and Answers

What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

  • Hypotension, dehydration, confusion, increased BP
  • Fatigue, dry skin, confusion, decreased BP
  • Headache, cramps, seizures, muscle spasms (correct)
  • Thirst, edema, increase HR, orthostatic hypotension

    • What is the treatment plan for hypernatremia?

  • Fluids, chloride, low sodium diet
  • Prescribe diuretics, safety precaution, chloride
  • Hypotonic solution, low sodium diet, fluids (correct)
  • Add hypertonic solution to shrink the cell, prescribe diuretics

    • What is the role of chloride in the body?

  • Regulates nerve and muscle activity
  • Works on the CNS, the brain and the spinal cord
  • Responsible for water regulation/balance
  • Needed to make HCL acid for digestion (correct)

    • How does the body respond to low sodium levels in hyponatremia?

    <p>Cell will swell, signs of headache, cramps, seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of potassium in the body?

    <p>Regulates nerve and muscle activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body respond to high sodium levels in hypernatremia?

    <p>Cell will shrink, signs of hypotension, dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between sodium and chloride levels in the body?

    <p>When sodium is up, chloride is up and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?

    <p>Hypotension, dehydration, fatigue, confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low sodium levels on the cell in hyponatremia?

    <p>Cell will swell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sodium in the body?

    <p>Responsible for water regulation/balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Paresthesia and seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Administer lactated ringer solution and IV fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphate in the body?

    <p>Helps build bone and teeth, and has an inverse relationship with calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Weakness, kidney stones, and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Cramps and tetany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypokalemia?

    <p>Administer potassium through IV pump and administer K rich diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of hypercalcemia in the body?

    <p>Increases excitability of muscles and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Responsible for vasodilation and muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Muscle twitching and cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium in the body?

    <p>Helps build bone and teeth, and regulates nerve and muscle activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Monitor lab results and administer diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Muscle twitching and cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypokalemia?

    <p>Administer potassium through IV pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Excitability and paresthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypercalcemia?

    <p>Safety and fluids to remove excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phosphate in the body?

    <p>Helps build bone and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Weakness and kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Cramps and tetany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Decrease in blood pressure and respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Responsible for vasodilation and muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a patient has hypophosphatemia?

    <p>They have an elevated level of calcium (hypercalcemia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inverse relationship between phosphate and calcium?

    <p>When phosphate is up, calcium is down and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Muscle weakness and kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypercalcemia?

    <p>Safety precautions and fluids to remove excess calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure and absent reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypokalemia?

    <p>Administer potassium through IV pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Weakness and absent reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphate in the body?

    <p>Helps build bone and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of potassium in the body?

    <p>Causes excitability of muscles and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between sodium and chloride levels in the body?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inverse relationship between phosphate and calcium?

    <p>When phosphate is up, calcium is down and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sodium in the body?

    <p>Maintains fluid balance and osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

    <p>Headache, cramps, seizures, muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypernatremia?

    <p>Hypotonic solution, safety precautions, low sodium diet, fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chloride in the body?

    <p>Needed to make HCL acid for digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between sodium and chloride levels in the body?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sodium in the body?

    <p>Water regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low sodium levels on the cell in hyponatremia?

    <p>Cell will swell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Nerve and muscle activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sodium levels are down in the body?

    <p>Chloride levels go down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Thirst, muscle weakness, respiratory depression, cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphate in the body?

    <p>Energy metabolism, bone and teeth formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Chvostek's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Bed rails and low position of bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common sign of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Absent reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inverse relationship between phosphate and calcium levels in the body?

    <p>When phosphate is up, calcium is down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

    <p>Headache, seizures, and muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for hypernatremia?

    <p>Administer hypotonic solution and encourage safety precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chloride in the body?

    <p>Chloride is needed to make HCL acid for digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sodium levels are down in the body?

    <p>Chloride levels also decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of potassium in the body?

    <p>Regulation of nerve and muscle activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electrolyte Imbalance and Treatment Summary

    • Sodium is responsible for water regulation and nerve/muscle activity, with hyponatremia causing cell swelling and hypernatremia causing cell shrinkage.
    • Symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, cramps, seizures, confusion, and increased blood pressure and heart rate, treated with hypertonic solution and diuretics.
    • Hypernatremia symptoms include hypotension, dehydration, fatigue, and dry skin, treated with hypotonic solution and low sodium diet.
    • Chloride, sister to sodium, is essential for HCL acid production in the stomach and works with sodium for nerve and muscle regulation and water balance.
    • Potassium regulates muscle and nerve activity, with hyperkalemia causing muscle twitching and cramps and hypokalemia causing fatigue and slow heart rate.
    • Calcium is essential for nerve and muscle activity and bone health, with hypocalcemia causing excitability and seizures and hypercalcemia causing weakness and kidney stones.
    • Phosphate helps build bone and teeth and has an inverse relationship with calcium, with hypophosphatemia causing weakness and confusion and hyperphosphatemia causing seizures.
    • Magnesium is responsible for vasodilation and muscle relaxation, with hypomagnesemia causing cramps and tetany and hypermagnesemia causing decreased blood pressure and heart rate.
    • Treatment plans for electrolyte imbalances include administration of IV solutions, diuretics, fall precautions, and safety measures.
    • Key symptoms and treatment plans for each electrolyte imbalance are crucial for patient care and management.
    • Understanding the role of each electrolyte and its impact on the body's functions is essential for healthcare professionals in providing effective care.
    • Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels and prompt intervention for imbalances are vital for maintaining overall health and well-being.

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    Description

    Enhance your knowledge of electrolyte imbalances and treatment strategies with this summary quiz covering essential information on sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. Learn about key symptoms, treatment options, and the importance of monitoring electrolyte levels for optimal patient care.

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