Socrates: Founder of Philosophy
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Questions and Answers

When was Socrates born?

  • 450 B.C.
  • 470 B.C. (correct)
  • 420 B.C.
  • 500 B.C.
  • Who were the two major Greek philosophers influenced by Socrates?

  • Aristophanes and Xenophon
  • Plato and Aristotle (correct)
  • Plato and Xenophon
  • Aristotle and Xenophon
  • How did Socrates primarily convey his views?

  • Through Plato's dialogues (correct)
  • Through his own writings
  • Through the plays of Aristophanes
  • Through the writings of Xenophon
  • What philosophical view did the Ionian and Eleatic philosophers encourage?

    <p>Skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Socrates claim to hear that he called his daimon?

    <p>Inner voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is epistemic relativism?

    <p>The view that there is no objective standard for evaluating the truth of beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view that what is true for one person might not be true for another?

    <p>Epistemic relativism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a belief of epistemic relativism?

    <p>Beliefs can be true for some and not for others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Sophists believe about rational argument?

    <p>It can only be used for rhetorical persuasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Socrates from the Sophists in terms of ethical matters?

    <p>Socrates claimed knowledge of ethical matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does epistemic relativism value reason according to the text?

    <p>To advance personal interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of moral relativism according to the text?

    <p>Making ethical judgments relative to a system of moral beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Socrates and the Founding of Philosophy

    • Socrates (470 B.C. - 399 B.C.) is widely regarded as the founder of philosophy and rational inquiry.
    • He is the first of the three major Greek philosophers, followed by his student Plato and Plato's student Aristotle.

    Life of Socrates

    • Socrates did not write anything himself; his views are primarily known through Plato's dialogues, where Socrates is the primary character.
    • He is also known through the plays of Aristophanes and the historical writings of Xenophon.
    • Socrates was a distinguished veteran who fought bravely on Athens' behalf, was eccentric, poor, ugly, brave, stoic, and temperate.
    • He claimed to hear a divine inner voice, which he called his daimon, and was prone to go into catatonic states of concentration.

    The Sophists and Relativism

    • The conflicting views of the Ionian and Eleatic philosophers of nature led to skepticism about our ability to obtain knowledge through rational inquiry.
    • The Sophists manifested this skepticism in epistemic and Moral Relativism.
    • Epistemic relativism is the view that there is no objective standard for evaluating the truth or likely truth of our beliefs.
    • Moral Relativism is the parallel doctrine about moral standards, holding that there are no objective grounds for judging some ethical opinions to be correct and others not.

    Socrates' Method of Inquiry

    • Socrates did not advance any ethical doctrines or lay claim to any knowledge about ethical matters.
    • Instead, his contribution to philosophy and science came in the form of his method of inquiry, criticizing the Sophists and their relativist views.
    • He pursued rational inquiry as a means of discovering the truth about ethical matters.

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    Description

    Learn about Socrates, the founder of philosophy and rational inquiry, who was a key figure in ancient Greek philosophy. Explore his life, views, and influence through Plato's dialogues and historical writings.

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