Socket Programming with UDP and TCP

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Questions and Answers

In UDP server programming, the `recvfrom()` method returns a tuple containing the message and the client's address.

True (A)

In TCP, the `listen()` method's argument specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections the server will queue.

True (A)

In TCP socket programming, the server initially uses the `clientSocket` to listen for incoming connections.

False (B)

The port number used by a TCP server for initial connection requests is known as the source port.

False (B)

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When a TCP server calls `accept()`, a new socket is created specifically for communicating with the connecting client.

True (A)

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In TCP, the `connect()` method is invoked by the server to establish a connection with the client.

False (B)

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TCP socket programming utilizes `SOCK_DGRAM` to establish a connection.

False (B)

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The `recvfrom()` method can be used for TCP sockets.

False (B)

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In TCP, `serverSocket.listen(2)` will reject the third incoming connection.

True (A)

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The `AF_INET` parameter specifies the socket address family, which, for TCP, is always Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

False (B)

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In TCP, both the client and server must explicitly bind to a specific port.

False (B)

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In Python's socket programming, `message.decode().lower()` converts the message to uppercase.

False (B)

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In UDP server code, `serverSocket.listen(1)` is required before calling `serverSocket.recvfrom()`.

False (B)

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When a TCP connection is established, the server's `accept()` method returns the address of the client.

True (A)

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For TCP sockets, calling `shutdown(SHUT_RDWR)` ensures that both reading and writing operations are immediately terminated, without allowing any pending data to be sent or received.

False (B)

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In UDP, the maximum size of a message that can be sent is theoretically limited by the maximum value of a 16-bit integer.

False (B)

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In TCP, the sequence number field in the header guarantees that packets are delivered in the order they were sent.

True (A)

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For a TCP server using non-blocking sockets, `accept()` will always immediately return a new socket upon a connection request.

False (B)

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In TCP, when the client initiates a connection, the server's socket transitions directly from the `CLOSE` state to the `ESTABLISHED` state.

False (B)

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The primary advantage of UDP over TCP is its built-in congestion control mechanism, which prevents network overload.

False (B)

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Flashcards

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, in-order byte stream transfer between client and server processes.

Server TCP creates new socket

A socket created by the server TCP to communicate with a specific client after the initial contact.

Client initiates contact

The client must initiate the connection with the server.

Welcoming socket

A socket that welcomes connections from clients. It's created by the server.

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UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A connectionless protocol used for creating datagram sockets.

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Socket creation on accept()

In a TCP server, a new socket is created by accept() for each incoming connection request.

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Socket binding

Creating a server socket and associating it with a specific port number.

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UDP Socket Creation

A socket using AF_INET and SOCK_DGRAM, used for UDP communication.

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TCP Socket Creation

A socket using AF_INET and SOCK_STREAM, used for TCP communication.

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Server listening

The server waits for incoming TCP connection requests from clients.

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Study Notes

Socket programming uses network sockets to facilitate communication between processes over a network.

UDP Server Example App

The script UDPServer.py imports the socket library.
The server listens for UDP packets on port 12000.
It creates a UDP socket, bound to port 12000.
The server loops indefinitely, waiting to receive messages.
When a message arrives, the server decodes, converts to uppercase, encodes, and sends it back to the client.

Socket Programming With TCP

For TCP, the client must first contact the server.
The server process has to be running.
The server has to have already created a socket.
Contact involves creating a TCP socket, specifying the server's IP address and port number.
When a client establishes a socket, TCP establishes a connection to the server TCP.
Upon contact, a server TCP creates a new socket for the server process dedicated to communicating with that specific client.
TCP enables server processes to handle multiple clients concurrently.
TCP uses source port numbers to distinguish between clients.
TCP provides a reliable, in-order byte-stream transfer (a "pipe") between client and server processes.

Client/Server Socket Interaction: TCP

Server creates a socket, specifies a port, and listens for incoming connection requests.
It then waits for a TCP connection setup, accepting connections via serverSocket.accept().
The client creates a socket and connects to the server's host ID and port.
The server reads the request from the established connection socket.
Then the client sends a request using the clientSocket.
The server writes a reply back through its connection socket.
The client reads the reply from its clientSocket.
Finally, both the connectionSocket on the server side and the clientSocket on the client side are closed.

TCP Client Example App

The illustrated TCPClient in Python imports the socket library.
The client specifies the server's name and port (12000).
It then creates a TCP socket, using SOCK_STREAM.
The client connects to the server.
The client prompts the user for input, which is encoded and sent to the server.
The modified sentence is printed to the user.
The reception of the modified sentence from the server and the socket are closed.
The client does not need to attach a server name or port because it receives it from the server.

TCP Server Example App

The TCPServer application imports the socket library.
The server listens for TCP connections on port 12000.
The server creates a TCP welcoming socket.
Socket is set to listen for incoming TCP requests.
The server waits, accepting incoming requests, which triggers the creation of a new socket.
Inside the loop, the server accepts connections and reads bytes from the connection socket.
It decodes the received sentence, capitalizes it, encodes the capitalized sentence and sends the bytes back to the client.
The server closes the connection to the client, but not the welcoming socket.

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

In UDP server programming, the recvfrom() method returns a tuple containing the message and the client's address.

In TCP, the listen() method's argument specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections the server will queue.

In TCP socket programming, the server initially uses the clientSocket to listen for incoming connections.

The port number used by a TCP server for initial connection requests is known as the source port.

When a TCP server calls accept(), a new socket is created specifically for communicating with the connecting client.

In TCP, the connect() method is invoked by the server to establish a connection with the client.

TCP socket programming utilizes SOCK_DGRAM to establish a connection.

The recvfrom() method can be used for TCP sockets.

In TCP, serverSocket.listen(2) will reject the third incoming connection.

The AF_INET parameter specifies the socket address family, which, for TCP, is always Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

In TCP, both the client and server must explicitly bind to a specific port.

In Python's socket programming, message.decode().lower() converts the message to uppercase.

In UDP server code, serverSocket.listen(1) is required before calling serverSocket.recvfrom().

When a TCP connection is established, the server's accept() method returns the address of the client.

For TCP sockets, calling shutdown(SHUT_RDWR) ensures that both reading and writing operations are immediately terminated, without allowing any pending data to be sent or received.

In UDP, the maximum size of a message that can be sent is theoretically limited by the maximum value of a 16-bit integer.

In TCP, the sequence number field in the header guarantees that packets are delivered in the order they were sent.

For a TCP server using non-blocking sockets, accept() will always immediately return a new socket upon a connection request.

In TCP, when the client initiates a connection, the server's socket transitions directly from the CLOSE state to the ESTABLISHED state.

The primary advantage of UDP over TCP is its built-in congestion control mechanism, which prevents network overload.

Flashcards

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Server TCP creates new socket

Client initiates contact

Welcoming socket

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Socket creation on accept()

Socket binding

UDP Socket Creation

TCP Socket Creation

Server listening

Study Notes

UDP Server Example App

Socket Programming With TCP

Client/Server Socket Interaction: TCP

TCP Client Example App

TCP Server Example App

Studying That Suits You

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In UDP server programming, the `recvfrom()` method returns a tuple containing the message and the client's address.

In TCP, the `listen()` method's argument specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections the server will queue.

In TCP socket programming, the server initially uses the `clientSocket` to listen for incoming connections.

When a TCP server calls `accept()`, a new socket is created specifically for communicating with the connecting client.

In TCP, the `connect()` method is invoked by the server to establish a connection with the client.

TCP socket programming utilizes `SOCK_DGRAM` to establish a connection.

The `recvfrom()` method can be used for TCP sockets.

In TCP, `serverSocket.listen(2)` will reject the third incoming connection.

The `AF_INET` parameter specifies the socket address family, which, for TCP, is always Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

In Python's socket programming, `message.decode().lower()` converts the message to uppercase.

In UDP server code, `serverSocket.listen(1)` is required before calling `serverSocket.recvfrom()`.

When a TCP connection is established, the server's `accept()` method returns the address of the client.

For TCP sockets, calling `shutdown(SHUT_RDWR)` ensures that both reading and writing operations are immediately terminated, without allowing any pending data to be sent or received.

For a TCP server using non-blocking sockets, `accept()` will always immediately return a new socket upon a connection request.

In TCP, when the client initiates a connection, the server's socket transitions directly from the `CLOSE` state to the `ESTABLISHED` state.