Podcast
Questions and Answers
What defines formal norms in a society?
What defines formal norms in a society?
- They have been written down and specify punishments. (correct)
- They are universally accepted by all cultures.
- They are informally understood.
- They are only taught through social interaction.
Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?
Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?
- A smartphone
- Religious beliefs (correct)
- A factory
- A community kitchen
What is the main characteristic of laws within a society?
What is the main characteristic of laws within a society?
- They are always universally accepted.
- They are informal rules that everyone understands.
- Their breach leads to designated punishments enforced by officials. (correct)
- They evolve solely from personal values.
What does the term 'culture lag' refer to?
What does the term 'culture lag' refer to?
Which of the following best describes diffusion in cultural terms?
Which of the following best describes diffusion in cultural terms?
What is included in the definition of material culture?
What is included in the definition of material culture?
What aspect does innovation primarily focus on in sociological studies?
What aspect does innovation primarily focus on in sociological studies?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the concept of values in culture?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the concept of values in culture?
What distinguishes discovery from invention in the context of culture?
What distinguishes discovery from invention in the context of culture?
Which term describes the belief system that maintains powerful interests within a culture?
Which term describes the belief system that maintains powerful interests within a culture?
Flashcards
Norms
Norms
Socially defined rules and expectations regarding human behavior. These are often enforced through sanctions (rewards or punishments).
Formal Norms
Formal Norms
Formal norms are written down and have specific punishments for violators. Examples include laws and company policies.
Informal Norms
Informal Norms
Less explicit rules that are generally understood but not written down. These norms are often learned through socialization.
Laws
Laws
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Values
Values
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Innovation
Innovation
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Discovery (Innovation)
Discovery (Innovation)
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Invention (Innovation)
Invention (Innovation)
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Diffusion (Cultural)
Diffusion (Cultural)
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Culture Lag
Culture Lag
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Study Notes
Norms
- Norms are socially defined rules and expectations about human behavior.
- Norms are generally enforced through sanctions (rewards or punishments).
Types of Norms
- Formal norms are written down and state specific punishments for violators.
- Informal norms are generally understood but not precisely recorded.
Laws
- Laws are norms that are written down by a political authority.
- Breaking laws leads to designated punishments.
- Laws govern community members' affairs.
Values
- Values are what people cherish and consider important.
- Values represent a good, desirable, or proper way to act or think.
- Values can differ between cultures. Some are universal, others unique to cultures.
Dominant Ideology
- Dominant ideology includes beliefs and practices in a culture to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.
Development of Culture
- Innovation is the introduction of new ideas or objects into a culture.
- Innovations interest sociologists because of their impact on society.
- Two types of innovation are discovery and invention.
- Discovery involves making known the existence of something.
- Invention combines existing elements to create something new.
Diffusion
- Diffusion is the spreading of cultural items from one group or society to another.
Material and Nonmaterial Culture
- Material culture refers to physical things like technology or food.
- Nonmaterial culture includes customs, beliefs, and how we use material objects.
- Culture lag happens when nonmaterial culture takes time to adjust to changed material circumstances.
Cultural Variation
Subcultures
- Subcultures are smaller sets of beliefs and practices within a larger culture that distinguish its members.
- Members of subcultures generally agree with most aspects of the greater culture but share unique identities.
Countercultures
- Countercultures have norms, values, and beliefs that consciously oppose the larger culture.
- When many people embrace countercultures, it can spark social movements.
- Goals of countercultures differ from the larger existing culture.
Culture Shock
- Culture shock is the feeling of disorientation when encountering different cultural practices.
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