Sociology Theorists: Marx and Martineau
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Questions and Answers

What is the term given to the idea of applying biological evolutionary theories to human society and social phenomena?

  • Sociological Development
  • Human Progress Theory
  • Social Evolution
  • Social Darwinism (correct)

Who is considered the most influential scholar in the development of sociology?

  • Max Weber
  • Macionis
  • Emile Durkheim (correct)
  • Spencer

What did Emile Durkheim define as the patterns of behavior that characterize a social group in a given society?

  • Social facts (correct)
  • Social norms
  • Human behavior
  • Cultural traits

What is the primary goal of a sociologist, according to Emile Durkheim?

<p>To uncover social facts and explain them using other social facts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Max Weber define as the scientific study of?

<p>Human social action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the idea that human society evolves from a 'lower' to a 'higher' form according to fixed laws?

<p>Social Darwinism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Marx's ultimate goal in society?

<p>A classless society where everyone is equal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory introduced by Marx in sociology?

<p>Social Conflict Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Harriet Martineau's role in promoting Comte's ideas?

<p>She translated Comte's writings into English (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the analogy Herbert Spencer used to describe human society?

<p>A biological system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Harriet Martineau an advocate for?

<p>The abolition of slavery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Marx's view of human history?

<p>A history of class conflict (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Sociology focuses on how institutions and groups function and change?

<p>Social Organization and Theory of Social Order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Social Control in Sociology?

<p>The ways in which members of a society influence one another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Social Change in Sociology?

<p>The ways society and institutions change over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Social Groups in Sociology?

<p>The formation, structure, and functioning of social groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Social Problems in Sociology?

<p>Social conditions that cause difficulties for a large number of persons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Social Processes in Sociology?

<p>The patterns in which social change takes place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main assumption of Rational Choice Theory?

<p>Individuals will operate in a rational way and seek to benefit themselves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the state according to Public Choice Theory?

<p>To arbitrate between large-scale interests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea behind Structuralism?

<p>Social reality is defined by the relations between events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Public Choice Theory and Rational Choice Theory have in common?

<p>They both assume that individuals act rationally to maximize benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Public Choice Theory argue about individual differences?

<p>They are best resolved through collective involvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the quote 'However, to receive benefits, there must always be an exchange process with others' suggesting?

<p>That benefits require an exchange process with others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of sociology?

<p>To promote scientific knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the scientific method?

<p>A method of observing the world critically, empirically and rationally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many steps are typically involved in sociological research?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in doing sociological research?

<p>Identifying research problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the research interests of sociologists?

<p>Their own life experiences and observations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the steps involved in sociological research?

<p>Flexible and non-sequential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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