Sociology Theorists: Marx and Martineau

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What is the term given to the idea of applying biological evolutionary theories to human society and social phenomena?

Sociological Development

Human Progress Theory

Social Evolution

Social Darwinism (correct)

Who is considered the most influential scholar in the development of sociology?

Max Weber

Macionis

Emile Durkheim (correct)

Spencer

What did Emile Durkheim define as the patterns of behavior that characterize a social group in a given society?

Social facts (correct)

Social norms

Human behavior

Cultural traits

What is the primary goal of a sociologist, according to Emile Durkheim?

To uncover social facts and explain them using other social facts Signup and view all the answers

What did Max Weber define as the scientific study of?

Human social action Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the idea that human society evolves from a 'lower' to a 'higher' form according to fixed laws?

Social Darwinism Signup and view all the answers

What was Marx's ultimate goal in society?

A classless society where everyone is equal Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory introduced by Marx in sociology?

Social Conflict Theory Signup and view all the answers

What was Harriet Martineau's role in promoting Comte's ideas?

She translated Comte's writings into English Signup and view all the answers

What is the analogy Herbert Spencer used to describe human society?

A biological system Signup and view all the answers

What was Harriet Martineau an advocate for?

The abolition of slavery Signup and view all the answers

What was Marx's view of human history?

A history of class conflict Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Sociology focuses on how institutions and groups function and change?

Social Organization and Theory of Social Order Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Social Control in Sociology?

The ways in which members of a society influence one another Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Social Change in Sociology?

The ways society and institutions change over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Social Groups in Sociology?

The formation, structure, and functioning of social groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Social Problems in Sociology?

Social conditions that cause difficulties for a large number of persons Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Social Processes in Sociology?

The patterns in which social change takes place Signup and view all the answers

What is the main assumption of Rational Choice Theory?

Individuals will operate in a rational way and seek to benefit themselves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the state according to Public Choice Theory?

To arbitrate between large-scale interests Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea behind Structuralism?

Social reality is defined by the relations between events Signup and view all the answers

What do Public Choice Theory and Rational Choice Theory have in common?

They both assume that individuals act rationally to maximize benefits Signup and view all the answers

What does Public Choice Theory argue about individual differences?

They are best resolved through collective involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the quote 'However, to receive benefits, there must always be an exchange process with others' suggesting?

That benefits require an exchange process with others Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of sociology?

To promote scientific knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the scientific method?

A method of observing the world critically, empirically and rationally Signup and view all the answers

How many steps are typically involved in sociological research?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in doing sociological research?

Identifying research problems Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the research interests of sociologists?

Their own life experiences and observations Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the steps involved in sociological research?

Flexible and non-sequential Signup and view all the answers