Sociology Theories Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for customs that are common to all societies?

  • Cultural universals (correct)
  • Social stratification
  • Assimilation
  • Ethnocentrism

What is the term for the difference between men's and women's earnings?

  • The gender gap (correct)
  • The glass ceiling
  • The glass escalator
  • The hidden curriculum

What is the difference between the gender gap and the glass ceiling?

  • The gender gap refers to workplace attitudes that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions, while the glass ceiling refers to the difference between men's and women's earnings.
  • The gender gap refers to workplace attitudes that prevent men from advancing to leadership positions, while the glass ceiling refers to the difference between men's and women's earnings.
  • The gender gap refers to the difference between men's and women's education levels, while the glass ceiling refers to workplace attitudes that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions.
  • The gender gap refers to the difference between men's and women's earnings, while the glass ceiling refers to workplace attitudes that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions. (correct)

What is the term for the difference between men's and women's earnings?

<p>The gender gap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the gender gap and the glass ceiling?

<p>The gender gap refers to the difference between men’s and women’s earnings, while the glass ceiling refers to workplace attitudes that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between tracking and the hidden curriculum?

<p>Tracking is the transmission of nonacademic knowledge, values, attitudes, norms, and beliefs in schools, while the hidden curriculum refers to the assignment of students to specific educational programs based on test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for customs that are common to all societies?

<p>Cultural universals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for customs that are common to all societies?

<p>Cultural universals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the gender gap and the glass ceiling?

<p>The gender gap refers to the difference between men’s and women’s earnings, while the glass ceiling refers to the attitudes that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for customs common to all societies?

<p>Cultural universals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe workplace biases and inequalities?

<p>The glass ceiling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological theory examines how society is held together by shared values and norms?

<p>Functionalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for negative attitudes towards groups based on preconceived notions?

<p>Stereotyping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference between men's and women's earnings?

<p>Gender gap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological theory examines social phenomena by focusing on power struggles between groups?

<p>Conflict theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of social epidemiology?

<p>The study of the effects of social structural factors on states of health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of social stratification?

<p>The differentiation of a given population into hierarchically and supposed classes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is best described as "them vs us"?

<p>Conflict Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does feminist theory examine?

<p>Women's social, economic, and political inequality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of social stratification?

<p>The differentiation of a given population into hierarchically and supposed classes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for customs common to all societies?

<p>Cultural universals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best definition of functionalism?

<p>It is the idea that if something works then it is good (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

<p>Prejudice is an attitude that prejudges people, while discrimination is an action that treats people unfairly based on their group membership. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

<p>Prejudice is an attitude that prejudges people, while discrimination is an action that treats people unfairly based on their group membership. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological theory examines social phenomena by focusing on power struggles between groups?

<p>Conflict theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological theory best explains the concept of tracking in education?

<p>Conflict theory, as it highlights the power struggles between different social classes in education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

<p>Prejudice is an attitude that prejudges people, while discrimination is a practice that treats people unfairly based on their group membership. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the negative attitude towards a group of people?

<p>Stereotyping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of demography?

<p>The study of human population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of health care?

<p>Medical care for individuals or communities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mores and folkways?

<p>Mores are a set of moral norms, while folkways are social or cultural customs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between redemptive and resistance social movements?

<p>Redemptive social movements propose dramatic change but only for some people, while resistance movements try to preserve the status quo by blocking or undoing change that has already occurred. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who emphasized social statics and social dynamics as two aspects of the scientific study of society?

<p>Auguste Comte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the glass ceiling?

<p>A metaphor for the invisible barriers that prevent women from advancing in their careers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference between men's and women's earnings?

<p>Gender gap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference between men's and women's earnings?

<p>Gender gap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the glass ceiling?

<p>Workplace attitudes or organizational biases that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of integrating into a new culture?

<p>Assimilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe negative attitudes towards groups?

<p>Prejudice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of crude birth rate?

<p>Every birth per 1000 people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the glass ceiling?

<p>A barrier to women's career advancement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process of moving into another country?

<p>Immigration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contagion theory?

<p>The contagion theory suggests that individuals act emotionally and irrationally due to a crowd's hypnotic influence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hidden curriculum?

<p>Lessons that are learned but not intended (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between redemptive social movements and resistance movements?

<p>Redemptive social movements try to preserve the status quo by blocking or undoing change that has already occurred, while resistance movements propose dramatic change but only for some people. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions?

<p>Implicit bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the negative attitude towards groups based on preconceived notions?

<p>Prejudice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for assigning students to educational programs based on test scores, grades, and perceived ability?

<p>Tracking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to measure the gender gap?

<p>The wage gap between men and women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between sex and gender?

<p>Sex refers to biological differences between males and females, while gender refers to the social and cultural expectations associated with being male or female (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between sex and gender?

<p>Sex is what we are born with, while gender is a social construct. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of environmental factors?

<p>Natural conditions in which humans interact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the looking glass self?

<p>Basing our sense of self by how we believe people view us (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of environmental factors?

<p>Natural conditions in which humans interact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the looking glass self?

<p>Basing our sense of self by how we believe people view us (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist emphasized the importance of value-free sociology?

<p>Max Weber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief that social stratification is based on people's accomplishments?

<p>Meritocracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference between men's and women's earnings?

<p>Gender gap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the theory that the self develops through stages of socialization?

<p>George Herbert Mead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of assigning students to educational programs based on test scores and perceived ability?

<p>Tracking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist is known for his theory of social stratification based on access to wealth, power, and prestige?

<p>Max Weber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?

<p>Quantitative research analyzes numerical data, while qualitative research interprets nonnumerical material. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contagion theory?

<p>The contagion theory suggests that individuals act emotionally and irrationally due to a crowd’s hypnotic influence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between redemptive social movements and resistance movements?

<p>Redemptive social movements propose dramatic change but only for some people, while resistance movements try to preserve the status quo by blocking or undoing change that has already occurred. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?

<p>Quantitative research focuses on numerical analysis, while qualitative research examines and interprets nonnumerical material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the looking glass self?

<p>Basing our sense of self by how we believe people view us (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions?

<p>Implicit bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is credentialism?

<p>The belief that social stratification is based on accomplishments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sexual double standard?

<p>A code that permits greater sexual freedom for men than women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief that social stratification is based on people's accomplishments?

<p>Meritocracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who theorized that the self develops through the differentiation of the me and I, and through stages of socialization?

<p>George Herbert Mead (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the Malthusian theory?

<p>The population is increasing too much for our food supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between endogamy and exogamy?

<p>Endogamy refers to marrying within one's group, while exogamy refers to marrying outside one's group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief that social stratification is based on people's accomplishments?

<p>Meritocracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the belief that social stratification is based on people's accomplishments?

<p>Meritocracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of human populations?

<p>Demography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between endogamy and exogamy?

<p>Endogamy refers to marrying within one’s group, while exogamy refers to marrying outside one’s group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the language that pretends to communicate but does not, often using euphemisms or inflated language?

<p>Doublespeak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions?

<p>Implicit bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of integrating religious beliefs into secular life?

<p>Civil religion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the language that pretends to communicate but does not, often using euphemisms or inflated language?

<p>Doublespeak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic theory suggests that population growth stabilizes as countries experience economic and technological development?

<p>Demographic transition theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to assigning students to educational programs based on test scores, grades, and perceived ability?

<p>Tracking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implicit bias?

<p>Unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implicit bias?

<p>Unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a megacity and an edge city?

<p>Megacities are metropolitan areas with at least 10 million inhabitants, while edge cities are business centers within or close to suburban residential areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a language that pretends to communicate but does not, often using euphemisms or inflated language?

<p>Doublespeak (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the folkways?

<p>Social or cultural custom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?

<p>Quantitative research analyzes numerical data, while qualitative research interprets nonnumerical material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the rapid expansion of cities and towns?

<p>Urban sprawl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe small, prosperous communities beyond a city's suburbs?

<p>Exurbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe numerical data used in research?

<p>Quantitative data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the hidden curriculum and credentialism?

<p>The hidden curriculum transmits nonacademic knowledge, values, attitudes, norms, and beliefs in schools, while credentialism emphasizes certificates or degrees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the language that pretends to communicate but does not, often using euphemisms or inflated language?

<p>Doublespeak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief that degrees or certificates are a measure of achievement?

<p>Credentialism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implicit bias?

<p>Implicit bias involves unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is affirmative action?

<p>Admission policies that provide equal access for historically excluded or underrepresented groups, such as women and minorities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions?

<p>Implicit bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between endogamy and exogamy?

<p>Endogamy refers to marrying within one's group, while exogamy refers to marrying outside one's group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the language that pretends to communicate but does not, often using euphemisms or inflated language?

<p>Doublespeak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions?

<p>Implicit bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for communities of living and non-living organisms that share a physical environment?

<p>Ecosystems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference between men's and women's sexual freedom?

<p>The sexual double standard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for assigning students to educational programs based on test scores, grades, and perceived ability?

<p>Tracking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is credentialism?

<p>Emphasizes certificates or degrees in determining social stratification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is civil religion?

<p>Civil religion integrates religious beliefs into secular life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who theorized that the self develops through the differentiation of the me and I, and through stages of socialization?

<p>George Herbert Mead (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who theorized that the self develops through the differentiation of the me and I, and through stages of socialization?

<p>George Herbert Mead (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe customs common to all societies?

<p>Cultural universals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between implicit bias and explicit bias?

<p>Implicit bias involves unconscious prejudices or stereotypes that affect attitudes, actions, and decisions, while explicit bias involves conscious prejudices or stereotypes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist advocated for civil rights, Black political power, and higher education to address racial prejudice and discrimination?

<p>W.E.B. DuBois (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist advocated for civil rights, Black political power, and higher education to address racial prejudice and discrimination?

<p>W.E.B. DuBois (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contagion theory?

<p>The theory that individuals act emotionally and irrationally due to a crowd's hypnotic influence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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