Sociology Theories Quiz: Conflict & Feminist Theory
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Questions and Answers

Which theory indicates that society is divided into groups with competing ideals and values?

  • Conflict Theory (correct)
  • Functionalist Theory
  • Consensus Theory
  • Feminist Theory

The Racial Threat Hypothesis suggests that as minority populations grow, crime control efforts decrease.

False (B)

Name one mechanism through which conformity is promoted within society.

Informal mechanisms such as family and friends or formal mechanisms such as the law.

According to Conflict Theory, laws reflect the norms and values of the __________ group in society.

<p>dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the theorist or theory with their primary focus:

<p>Durkheim = Consensus Theory Blumer &amp; Blalock = Racial Threat Hypothesis Meda Chesney = Feminist Theory Trevino = Functionalist Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of females in jail report prior abuse?

<p>55% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Criminal activity peaks during early adulthood (ages 18-25).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two groups identified by Terrie Moffitt in her developmental taxonomy of crime?

<p>Adolescence Limited offenders and Life course persistent offenders</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ crime curve shows an increase in crime rate in early adolescence, peaking in mid to late teenage years.

<p>age</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts to their descriptions:

<p>Prevalence = How many people involved in criminal activity Frequency = Number of offenses by actively involved individuals Age of Onset = Age when the first crime is committed Criminal Career Length = Total number of years as a criminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why minority groups gain power and resources?

<p>They can compete with whites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first wave of the feminist movement focused on women's reproductive rights.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major legal decision legalized abortion in the first trimester?

<p>Roe v. Wade</p> Signup and view all the answers

The feminist movement accounted for class, race, and sexuality during its _____ wave.

<p>third</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the feminist movements with their key focuses:

<p>1st wave = Voting and education 2nd wave = Reproductive rights and social equality 3rd wave = Intersectionality and social construction of gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common sentiment among whites regarding minority groups?

<p>They feel threatened and jeopardized (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of patriarchy is considered a major blind spot in criminology.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily supports male domination within the criminal justice system?

<p>Discrimination against women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Chivalry Hypothesis suggests that women in the justice system are subjected to harsher punishment than men.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Gendered pathways approach' focused on?

<p>The life experiences and developmental trajectories of girls and women involved in crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary assumption of the _____ Hypothesis is that women are often seen as objects in a male-dominated justice system.

<p>Chivalry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hypotheses with their descriptions:

<p>Chivalry Hypothesis = Justice system displays paternalistic leniency toward women Selectivity Hypothesis = More leniency for middle-class and white women Typicality Hypothesis = Focus on traditional feminine stereotypes in crime Masculinity Hypothesis = Women adopt masculine traits due to evolving sex roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the contemporary feminist criminology feature regarding media?

<p>It focuses on the demonization of minority girls and women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic Marginalization hypothesis posits that most female offenders come from affluent backgrounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed regarding the arrest rates of girls for status offenses?

<p>There has been a decrease in girls' arrests for status offenses but an increase for minor assault charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Girls receive harsher punishments because their offenses are often _____ as a threat to traditional gender roles.

<p>sexualized</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their meanings:

<p>Paternalism = Authority based on protective attitudes towards women Bootstrapping = Re-labeling girls as delinquent for minor acts Transinstitutionalization = Referring girls to residential psychiatric facilities Intersectionality = Framework for understanding overlapping social identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Conflict Theory

A sociological theory that explains crime and criminal justice as a reflection of power struggles between groups with competing values and interests.

Racial Threat Hypothesis

This hypothesis argues that as the population of minority groups grows, dominant groups increase their efforts to control and punish them, often through stricter law enforcement.

Dominant Groups in Conflict Theory

These are the groups with more power and influence, able to shape laws, policies and criminal justice practices to reflect their values.

Criminal Definitions

Acts that violate the norms and values of the dominant groups are labeled as criminal, regardless of whether they harm anyone.

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Social Characteristics & Position

These factors, such as race, sex, age, class, education, and occupation, influence how individuals are treated by the criminal justice system.

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Minority Group Power Shift

When minority groups gain power, resources, and influence, they challenge the dominance of the majority group, leading to potential conflict.

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White Backlash

The majority group's response to minority group empowerment, often characterized by fear, perceived threats to privilege, and attempts to maintain control.

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Racial Disparities in Crime Control

The unequal application of criminal justice measures across racial groups, often resulting in harsher treatment of minority groups.

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First Wave Feminism

The early feminist movement focused on securing basic rights for women, including voting, education, and representation.

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Second Wave Feminism

A period of feminist activism centered around social equality, reproductive rights, and protection against violence.

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Third Wave Feminism

This wave emphasizes the diversity of women's experiences and challenges the fixed concept of femininity, highlighting the social construction of gender and intersectionality.

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Patriarchy's Influence on Criminology

Feminist theory criticizes criminology for overlooking the impact of gender and sex roles in society, viewing it as blind to the power dynamics shaped by patriarchal structures.

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Gendered Context Approach

This approach examines how different societal expectations and opportunities influence criminal behavior for men and women. It considers how individuals interpret similar events based on their gender.

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Age-Crime Curve

This curve illustrates the typical pattern of criminal activity, showing an increase in early adolescence, a peak in late teenage years, and a decline in early adulthood.

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Life-Course Persistent Offenders

These individuals exhibit criminal behavior throughout their lives, starting early and continuing into adulthood. They represent a small percentage of the population.

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Adolescence-Limited Offenders

These individuals engage in criminal behavior mainly during adolescence, but desist from crime in adulthood. They represent the majority of offenders.

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Developmental Taxonomy

A theory that classifies individuals into distinct groups based on their criminal behavior patterns over their lifespan.

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Patriarchy in CJ

The CJ system reinforces traditional gender roles and male dominance, often discriminating against women.

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Intersectionality in Feminist Criminology

Understanding how different forms of oppression (e.g., gender, race, class) overlap and affect women's experiences in the CJ system.

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Chivalry Hypothesis

The idea that the CJ system treats women more leniently due to traditional views of women as innocent and vulnerable.

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Paternalism and Chivalry

Chivalry can be seen as a form of paternalism, where men view women as needing protection and control.

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Selectivity Hypothesis

Chivalry is more likely to be extended to middle-class and white women.

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Typicality Hypothesis

Chivalry is more likely to be applied to women who commit crimes that fit traditional feminine stereotypes.

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Punitive Treatment of Women

Poor and minority women, and women who violate traditional norms, are often punished more harshly.

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Bootstrapping and Girls

The JJS may relabel girls as delinquent, even for minor offenses, leading to harsher punishments.

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Masculinity Hypothesis

Women may be punished more harshly for adopting masculine characteristics due to changes in traditional gender roles.

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Gendered Pathways Approach

Focuses on the life experiences and developmental trajectories of girls and women who become involved in crime, emphasizing the impact of abuse.

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Study Notes

Conflict Theory

  • Societies are divided into groups with competing ideals and values.
  • Groups with more power control society.
  • Members of less powerful groups may act according to their internal group norms, even if these conflict with dominant group norms, potentially leading to violations of the law.
  • Group and culture conflict can explain criminal behavior and law.
  • Mechanisms including informal controls (family and friends) and formal controls (law) help regulate deviation and encourage conformity.

Racial Threat Hypothesis

  • Minority racial group population growth can lead to an increase in crime control efforts.
  • Whites may experience feelings of threat as minority groups gain power, resources, and political influence.
  • These feelings of threat may result in increased crime control efforts aimed at minority groups.
  • There is mixed empirical support for this hypothesis.

Feminist Theory

  • Focuses on gender and its role in delinquency and juvenile justice
  • Three waves of feminism; the first wave focused on suffrage, the second on reproductive rights, and the third on intersectionality, addressing gender through the lens of class, race, and sexuality.
  • Feminist CJ theory critiques how CJ policies often reflect and reinforce patriarchal norms, resulting in negative consequences for women.

Feminist Theory of CJS

  • Critiques the justice system's focus on male-dominated perspectives.
  • Acknowledges female experiences and unique vulnerabilities within CJ systems.
  • Includes focus on masculinity, gender and age gaps in serious crime, and media portrayals.
  • Recognizes the importance of women's studies.

Developmental and Life Course Theories

  • Criminal activity often peaks in adolescence and then declines in later life.
  • These theories focus on how criminal behavior develops throughout a person's life.
  • Factors such as social experiences, opportunities, and relationships influence life course trajectories.
  • Moffitt's developmental taxonomy differentiates between adolescence-limited and life-course persistent offenders.
  • Some research indicates biological and genetic factors might play a role in persistent offenders

Integrating Criminal Theory

  • Elliott supported integrating various theories.
  • There are different ways to integrate theories: conceptual, propositional, within-level, and cross-level.
  • Sociologists like Thornberry and Krohn have contributed work in theory integration.

Consensus and Functionalist Theory

  • Consensus theory suggests societies have shared values and that laws reflect these values.
  • Formal system of laws and enforcement reinforce these shared values.

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Theories Exam 4 Study Guide PDF

Description

This quiz explores key concepts of Conflict Theory, Racial Threat Hypothesis, and Feminist Theory in sociology. It delves into how these theories explain social dynamics, criminal behavior, and societal responses to group conflicts. Test your understanding of these essential frameworks in sociology.

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