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Questions and Answers
A researcher aims to understand how globalization impacts local cultural traditions. Which level of sociological analysis is MOST appropriate for this study?
A researcher aims to understand how globalization impacts local cultural traditions. Which level of sociological analysis is MOST appropriate for this study?
- Macro (correct)
- Micro
- Individual
- Meso
Which basic question aligns MOST closely with Peter Berger's definition of sociology as a science aimed at understanding action in society?
Which basic question aligns MOST closely with Peter Berger's definition of sociology as a science aimed at understanding action in society?
- What do people do?
- What are humans?
- Why do they do what they do? (correct)
- What holds societies together?
A sociologist observes a pattern of increased charitable donations following a major natural disaster. Which principle of sociology are they employing?
A sociologist observes a pattern of increased charitable donations following a major natural disaster. Which principle of sociology are they employing?
- Manner/Use Senses
- Explaining Events (correct)
- Emperical Proof
- Community of Scientists
Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the application of symbolic interaction theory?
Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the application of symbolic interaction theory?
A researcher hypothesizes that increased social media use leads to decreased face-to-face interaction. They collect data, analyze it, and find support for their hypothesis. Which aspect of the wheel of science are they demonstrating?
A researcher hypothesizes that increased social media use leads to decreased face-to-face interaction. They collect data, analyze it, and find support for their hypothesis. Which aspect of the wheel of science are they demonstrating?
Which of the following best exemplifies Wright Mills' concept of the sociological imagination?
Which of the following best exemplifies Wright Mills' concept of the sociological imagination?
According to Durkheim, which type of suicide is most likely to occur in a society with a strong sense of social solidarity and rigid rules?
According to Durkheim, which type of suicide is most likely to occur in a society with a strong sense of social solidarity and rigid rules?
Which of the following is the best example of a social fact, as defined by Durkheim?
Which of the following is the best example of a social fact, as defined by Durkheim?
How does culture primarily perpetuate itself across generations?
How does culture primarily perpetuate itself across generations?
A group of environmental activists actively protesting against deforestation practices would best be described as a:
A group of environmental activists actively protesting against deforestation practices would best be described as a:
A doctor is expected to provide competent medical care, but also expected to be empathetic and understanding. What sociological concept does this best illustrate?
A doctor is expected to provide competent medical care, but also expected to be empathetic and understanding. What sociological concept does this best illustrate?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a secondary social organization?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a secondary social organization?
In the context of social action leading to social organizations, what differentiates social interaction from social action?
In the context of social action leading to social organizations, what differentiates social interaction from social action?
Flashcards
Sociology
Sociology
The study of the impact of external factors on society.
Sociology (Peter Berger)
Sociology (Peter Berger)
Understanding action in society through scientific methods.
Main Sociological Theories
Main Sociological Theories
Conflict, Structural Functionalism, and Symbolic Interactionism.
Levels of Sociological Analysis
Levels of Sociological Analysis
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Pillars of Science
Pillars of Science
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Sociological Imagination
Sociological Imagination
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Fatalistic Suicide
Fatalistic Suicide
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Anomic Suicide
Anomic Suicide
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Social Facts
Social Facts
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Culture
Culture
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Achieved Status
Achieved Status
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Role Strain
Role Strain
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Bureaucracies
Bureaucracies
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Study Notes
- Sociology is defined by the impact of external factors.
- Peter Berger defined sociology in 1963 as a science in understanding action in society.
- Two questions researched in sociology are: what do people do, and why do they do what they do.
- Three additional questions asked in sociology pertains to humans, what holds society together, and inequality and its consequences.
Main Sociological Theories
- Conflict theory considers different groups fighting.
- Structural functional theory considers everyone contributing to society.
- Symbolic interaction theory considers giving meaning to everyday life objects.
Key Levels of Sociological Analysis
- Macro involves global (largest).
- Meso involves national, ethnic subcultures (middle).
- Micro involves family, local community (smallest).
- Major aspects of the wheel of science include deductive and inductive reasoning.
- Data analysis and data collection are major aspects of the wheel of science.
- Theory is a major aspect of the wheel of science.
Pillars of Science
- Logic
- Observation
Social Forces That Propelled Sociology
- Political Change
- Industrialization
- Urbanization
Principles of Sociology
- Manner/use senses
- Empirical proof
- Community of scientists
- Generalize
- Explain events
- Develop ideas about cause and effect relationships
- Five assumptions of sociology include that conflict and change are inevitable.
- People are social by nature.
- Interaction is a two-way street.
- People belong to social groups.
- Common understandings and shared behavior characterize groups.
- Sociological imagination according to C. Wright Mills (1959) is the ability to understand the intersection of people with history, and the present social structure people find themselves in.
- This includes understanding the private in public terms, which may not seem what they are.
- Durkheim's study of suicide includes the typology of suicide.
- Fatalistic suicide involves too much regulation.
- Anomic suicide involves little regulation.
- Altruistic suicide involves too much integration.
- Egotistic suicide involves little integration.
- Social facts are anything outside of the person which has consequences on them (external factors).
- Culture includes traditions, alive and living all the time because it happens through daily interactions.
- Culture has the ability to change and evolve, and to be passed down, learned, and taught through generations.
Forms of Culture
- Culture: Main group, dominant.
- Subcultures: Culture under main culture.
- Countercultures: Goes against the main culture.
Aspects of Culture
- Consists of norms, beliefs, values, expressive symbols, practices
- Social interaction involves two or more people relating to one another with a goal and within a social context.
Three Types of Statuses
- Achieved: Earned by decision/ability.
- Ascribed: Birth assigned.
- Master: Most important status in one's life.
- Social roles refer to behaviors and obligations that give one status; expectations of how to act.
- Social strain refers to tension between roles within one status.
- Social conflict refers to tension between the roles of two or more statuses.
Types of Social Organizations
- Primary: Close contacts, personal relationships.
- Secondary: Formal, business-like relationship.
- Reference: Where members act as role models and establish standards for lower members.
- Bureaucracies: Organization whose main goal is maximizing efficiency.
- Social action is the beginning of organization.
- Social interaction is mutual action.
- Social organization is patterned social interaction.
Social Structure vs. Individual Agency
- Structure: Recurring pattern of social behavior.
- Actions of the direct individual.
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Description
Sociology examines the impact of external factors on society. Key questions in sociology explore human actions, social cohesion, and inequality. Main theories include conflict, structural functionalism, and symbolic interactionism. Sociological analysis occurs at macro, meso, and micro levels, utilizing deductive and inductive reasoning.
