Sociology: Self Development Theories
40 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the concept of 'Self-reactiveness' refer to?

  • Making adjustments based on outcomes of actions (correct)
  • The ability to reflect on others' emotions
  • Understanding the illusion of self
  • Achieving enlightenment through interdependence

    • According to Carl Rogers, what do individuals strive for?

  • Emotional distress
  • Congruence between real and ideal selves (correct)
  • Independence from others
  • Multiple distinct identities

    • What is a characteristic of the 'Unified Self' concept?

  • It emphasizes individual autonomy
  • It represents a consistent and integrated identity (correct)
  • It leads to emotional distress
  • It involves having distinct identities

    • Which psychologist identified the key value of 'hiya' or shame?

    <p>Virgilio Enriquez</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Western perspective, how is the nature of the self viewed?

    <p>As a unique and independent entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the psyche does Freud's model refer to as the most primitive and instinctual?

    <p>ID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does self-efficacy influence an individual's outlook?

    <p>It influences whether they think pessimistically or optimistically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of life according to the Eastern perspective?

    <p>To achieve enlightenment and liberation from suffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the 'play stage' in Mead's theory of self-development?

    <p>Children learn to communicate through symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals change their behavior according to symbols?

    <p>They adapt based on meaning attached to symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Goffman's theory of front stage and backstage emphasize?

    <p>Different self-presentation in various contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the game stage of self-development, what do children learn to understand?

    <p>The rules of games and role-taking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'agents of socialization'?

    <p>People or groups that shape self-concept and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does frame analysis explore in human interactions?

    <p>How experiences are interpreted and understood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of self-development follows the play stage?

    <p>The game stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one impact of stigma as explored by Goffman?

    <p>It affects both social and psychological state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Neuroticism primarily involve?

    <p>Tendency towards negative personality traits and emotional instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is associated with Conscientiousness?

    <p>Carefulness and self-discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Reaction Formation defense mechanism entail?

    <p>Expressing feelings that contradict one's true emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the anima in Jung's theory?

    <p>It is the feminine aspect represented in men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Intellectualization involve?

    <p>Using reasoning to detach from emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a trait of Extroversion?

    <p>Seeking social connections and interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Self archetype in Jung's theory represents what?

    <p>The blend of unconscious and conscious minds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with Agreeableness?

    <p>Intellectual curiosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does the ID operate on?

    <p>Pleasure principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the EGO?

    <p>To find realistic ways to gratify the ID's needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the SUPEREGO?

    <p>It develops from internalizing social and cultural values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism involves pushing unwanted thoughts into the unconscious mind?

    <p>Repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of rationalization?

    <p>Claiming that being late was due to traffic, despite poor planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the defense mechanism of projection involve?

    <p>Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait represents openness to experience?

    <p>Intellect or imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sublimation refer to in terms of defense mechanisms?

    <p>Transforming negative impulses into positive actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation for human behavior according to Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fulfills safety needs as described by Maslow?

    <p>Job security and employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow, what must be satisfied before higher needs can be addressed?

    <p>Physiological and safety needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Social needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are higher needs harder to satisfy according to Maslow's theory?

    <p>They rely heavily on interpersonal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is rejected by Maslow as a primary need until physiological needs are met?

    <p>Self-actualization needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do safety needs promote in an individual?

    <p>Order, predictability, and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these needs comes last in Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Self-actualization needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mead's Theory of Self Development

    • Mead emphasizes three stages of self-development:
      • Pre-Play Stage: Children learn to imitate the actions of specific others.
      • Play Stage: Children engage in role-taking, understanding symbols, and communicating through them.
      • Game Stage: Children learn to consider the perspectives of multiple individuals.
    • This theory suggests that social interaction plays a crucial role in shaping how individuals understand themselves and their place in society.

    Goffman's Theory of Self Presentation

    • Goffman's theory highlights the performance of self in social life.
    • Front stage is the public persona we adopt in social settings, while backstage is our private identity.
    • This theory emphasizes the importance of social context and how our behaviors shift to meet social expectations.

    Agents of Socialization

    • Agents of socialization are individuals or groups that shape our self-concept, attitudes, and behaviors.
    • The roles of families, schools, peers, the media, and social institutions influence how we understand the world and ourselves.

    Self-Concept - Western vs. Eastern Perspectives

    • Western Perspective
      • The self is an individual entity, independent and unique, separate from the external world.
      • The goal is to foster personal growth and fulfillment.
    • Eastern Perspective
      • The self is connected and interdependent with others and the surrounding world, often viewing the self as an illusion.
      • The focus is on achieving enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

    The Psychological Perspective of the Self

    • William James proposed the concept of self, including:
      • The Me-Self: The self as an object of observation.
      • The I-Self: The self as a subject of experiences.
    • Carl Rogers' Self Theory emphasizes the importance of congruence between our ideal self and our real self, which, if incongruent, can lead to distress.
    • Bandura's Human Agency Theory highlights the individual's capacity to influence their own functioning through intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness.

    Self-Efficacy

    • Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish a task.
    • Positive self-efficacy fosters a sense of optimism and self-enhancement, conversely, negative self-efficacy can lead to self-doubt and self-hindering behaviors.

    The Psychoanalytic Theory of the Self

    • Proposed by Sigmund Freud, the theory focuses on three major components of the psyche:
      • ID: The most primitive and instinctual part of the psyche, driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic needs.
      • EGO: Operates on the reality principle, finding realistic ways for the ID to find satisfaction.
      • SUPEREGO: The ethical and moral component that internalizes social and cultural norms, acting as a conscience.

    Defense Mechanisms

    • Defense mechanisms are subconscious strategies used to cope with anxiety and protect the ego.
    • Examples of defense mechanisms include:
      • Repression: Pushing unwanted thoughts or feelings into the subconscious.
      • Projection: Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others.
      • Rationalization: Creating justifiable explanations for behaviors or feelings.
      • Denial: Refusal to acknowledge reality.

    The Big Five Personality Traits

    • The Big Five Personality Traits provide a framework for understanding an individual's personality.
    • The traits are:
      • Openness to Experience: The willingness to explore new ideas and experiences.
      • Conscientiousness: A strong desire to be diligent and well-organized.
      • Extroversion: A preference for social interactions and being outgoing.
      • Agreeableness: A personality style characterized by cooperation and compassion.
      • Neuroticism: Proneness to experience negative emotions like anxiety and insecurity.

    Jung’s Self Concept

    • Jung proposed that the self is the center of the psyche, uniting the conscious and unconscious mind.
    • This concept includes the anima (feminine archetype in men) and animus (masculine archetype in women), both vital for a complete psyche.
    • The self archetype represents the integration of the conscious and unconscious minds, striving for wholeness.

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Maslow's theory proposes a hierarchical system of human needs, with the most basic needs at the bottom and the most complex at the top.
    • The hierarchy starts with:
      • Physiological Needs: Basic survival needs such as food, water, and shelter.
      • Safety Needs: The need for security, stability, and safety from harm.
      • Social Needs: The need for belongingness, love, and social connections.
      • Esteem Needs: The need for self-esteem, confidence, and respect from others.
      • Self-Actualization: The highest level of needs, striving for personal growth, creativity, and fulfilling one's potential.
    • Maslow emphasized that lower-level needs must be fulfilled before higher-level needs can be addressed.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Midterm Reviewer Understanding The Self PDF

    Description

    Explore the significant theories of self-development as proposed by Mead and Goffman. This quiz delves into Mead's stages of self-development and Goffman's concepts of self-presentation, along with the agents of socialization that influence our identity. Test your understanding of these key sociological frameworks.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser