Sociology Research Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in conducting sociological research?

  • Formulating a hypothesis
  • Reviewing the literature
  • Collecting the data
  • Selecting a researchable problem (correct)

    • Qualitative research designs begin with a theory and then collect data to test it.

    False

    What is an operational definition?

    An operational definition specifies the variables in a study so they can be measured.

    In a mixed design approach, both __________ and __________ methods are used.

    <p>quantitative, qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research tools with their descriptions:

    <p>Survey research = Collecting data through questionnaires Observation = Recording behavior in a natural setting Experiments = Testing hypotheses in controlled conditions Content analysis = Analyzing communication materials Historical research = Studying past events and their impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research design specifically involves testing a theory?

    <p>Quantitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disseminating research findings is not a necessary step in sociological research.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a descriptive research question?

    <p>Who is homeless, how many are there?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sociology primarily concerned with?

    <p>Human behavior and social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'sociology' was coined by August Comte.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word 'socius' mean in the context of sociology?

    <p>Companion or associate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sociology helps students understand how human beings are woven as social beings into the ________ of their society.

    <p>fabric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Status = Position in a social structure Role = Expected behavior associated with a status Social group = A collection of people who interact Social institution = Structures that fulfill social needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total marks does the end of semester examination account for?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A student must attend at least eight weeks to earn attendance marks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with coining the term sociology?

    <p>August Comte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Functionalism, why do people obey rules and laws?

    <p>They accept the values of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dahrendorf, conflict and consensus are independent concepts in society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of conflict in society, according to Dahrendorf?

    <p>Differential distribution of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory that focuses on disagreements and struggles over power and resources in society is known as _____.

    <p>Conflict Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an emphasis of Functionalism?

    <p>Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Functionalism = Emphasis on stability and social order Conflict Theory = Focus on struggles over power Authority = Legitimacy of power structures Change = Inevitability of societal evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Dahrendorf's theory, authority is constant and remains with individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals in dominant positions in society typically seek to maintain?

    <p>The status quo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary conflict in Marxism within capitalist societies?

    <p>Conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marx believed that capitalism would eventually be replaced by a classless, communist society.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Marx use to describe the working class?

    <p>proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emile Durkheim is known for his work on __________ and social solidarity.

    <p>suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sociologists with their primary contributions:

    <p>Karl Marx = Class struggle and Marxism Emile Durkheim = Sociology as a science Auguste Comte = Positivism Karl Popper = Hypothetico-deductive model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Durkheim argued that sociology should focus on individual actions rather than structural social facts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Durkheim's view of sociology?

    <p>A holistic study of society and its institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of sociology according to Emile Durkheim?

    <p>To discover structural social facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of data is considered original and gathered specifically for a project?

    <p>Primary data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cooperation is considered a non-essential element for the existence of society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis of mutuality within a society?

    <p>Likeness of members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The economic structure of society is based upon the division of __________.

    <p>labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the research ethics mentioned?

    <p>Utilize secondary data without citations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differences among individuals do not contribute to the culture of society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of informed consent in research ethics?

    <p>To ensure participants are aware and agree to the research procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culture is solely based on language and does not include other elements like religion or music.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a basic functional prerequisite of human society?

    <p>Wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural universals?

    <p>Elements, patterns, traits, or institutions common to all human cultures worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culture combines elements like symbols, language, values, and ____.

    <p>norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the elements of culture with their descriptions:

    <p>Symbols = Representations that carry specific meanings Values = Cultural standards for discerning what is good Beliefs = Convictions that people hold to be true Norms = Expectations for behavior within a culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of culture helps keep people within a particular community together?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Procreation is considered a functional prerequisite of society.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of culture in establishing principles?

    <p>Culture controls society as an integrated system, establishing distinguished standards and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Outline: Applied Sociology (PBPR 203)

    • Course is an introduction to basic sociological concepts and understanding.
    • Students will be introduced to three sociological perspectives.
    • Basic methods of generating social science knowledge will be covered.

    Course Outcomes

    • Students will develop a sociological imagination.
    • Students will gain skills to connect daily experiences to historical contexts.
    • Students will gain awareness of various sociological methods, perspectives, and place within the social sciences.
    • Students will develop the ability to identify local activities' global implications.

    Course Content

    • Week One: Brief note on sociology, definition of sociology, scope of sociology, sociology as a social science and its comparison to other disciplines,. Sociological imaginations.
    • Weeks Three & Four: Max Weber, Major Theoretical Perspectives: Functionalism, Conflict theory, Social construction of reality, The land, people of Ghana and their Spatial Distribution.
    • Week Five: Discussion on Weber's theories.
    • Week Six: Conducting Sociological Research, The scientific method, Research Designs, and Ethics of Research, Traditional Ghanaian Society Structure.
    • Week Seven: Mid-semester Exams.
    • Week Eight: Culture and Society, What is culture and it's significance, Cultural Universals, Importance of culture, living in society, The nature of society.
    • Week Nine: Socialization, What is human nature, the role of socialization. Sociological approaches to the self.
    • Weeks Ten, Eleven & Twelve: Social Structure and Social Interaction; The nature of social structure, Statuses, roles, social groups and social institutions. Elements of Social Structure, The Mass Media, Sociological Perspectives of the Mass Media, Media's Global Reach.

    Examinations and Assessment

    • Mid-semester exam: 40% of the total marks

    • End-of-semester exam: 60% of the total marks;

    • Mid-semester assessment:

      • Class Attendance: 5 marks
      • Interim Assessment: 20 marks
      • Assignment: 15 marks. -Note: a minimum of 10 attendance is required.

    Other Topics

    • Sociology in the context of Africa – traditional African society, the land, people, spatial distribution, vegetation, climate, possible origins of the Ghanaian people, (Different perspectives).
    • Conducting sociological research – methods, tools, analysis, and ethics.
    • The major distinctive contribution of functionalism,
    • Sociological approaches to the self, defining the self, the looking-glass self, socializing institutions (family, religion, peer groups, legal systems, mass media)
    • Social structure and interaction, components of social structure (roles and statuses, social groups, social institutions, and formal organizations); Group size and relationships (dyad, triad group of four, group of five)
    • Choosing leaders and the types of leaders
    • Reference groups, out-group, and in-group.
    • Mass media - types, functions and analysis of its effect/ influence

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    Applied Sociology Course Outline PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental steps and concepts in sociological research. This quiz covers various research designs, definitions, and methods essential to conducting sociological studies. Answer questions that encompass both qualitative and quantitative approaches.

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