Sociology of Poverty

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT suggested as a way to eliminate poverty?

  • change the tax system to increase taxes on consumption and wages (correct)

Bolivia is known for its privatization of this natural resource. What is it?

water

In explaining the differing experiences of the wealthy (North) countries and the poor (South) countries, the filmmakers concentrate on the issue of

debt

The rise of dictators and use of assassinations can be seen as

<p>means to achieve economic goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

The documentary's narrator asks where does the rise of the rich and the poor start and scholars answer with which date?

<p>1492 (colonialism)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. Culture of poverty explanations are often used to provide theoretical support for public policies that provide more generous cash assistance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

John Iceland explains women's relatively higher poverty rate as the result of all of the following except

<p>their lack of motivation to make money (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An alternative to a culture of poverty explanation of changing family structure usually focuses on historical changes in

<p>job opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of the factors the author points to to help us understand relatively high Black poverty rates (page 90)?

<p>cultural differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. Income inequality grew in the last quarter of the 20th century after decreasing in the middle years of the 20th century. Reasons for this include technological changes, globalization, and changes in government policies that favor the rich at the expense of the poor.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biogenetic theories of poverty suggest that people's life prospects are most significantly influenced by their

<p>native intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bell Curve uses which test as the measure of IQ?

<p>AFQT</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray argue that the poor are victims of their own bad genes, and social and educational interventions can do little to remedy the problem.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. In debunking Herrnstein and Murray's arguments, Edward Royce notes that there are only very weak correlations between IQ scores and social outcomes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A large section of The Bell Curve focuses on the relative influence of IQ versus _____________ on people's life outcomes.

<p>family background as measured by parental socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. According to the research summary, the fundamental values and aspirations of the poor do not differ significantly from those of the middle class.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the reading, how do proponents of a culture of poverty explanation suggest poverty could best be addressed?

<p>dismantle the welfare state and provide moral reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

To explain how a culture of poverty develops (if they do try to explain it), scholars generally have looked to all of the following except

<p>ongoing discrimination in the labor market today (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. Culture of poverty explanations view poverty as the result of a lack of motivation to achieve.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the research, the best explanation for what differs between those in the middle class and those in poverty is

<p>opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. A primary critique of a human capital approach to understanding poverty and inequality is the theory's lack of understanding of opportunities and constraints.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human capital refers to

<p>education, training, and skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural capital refers to

<p>dispositions, preferences, and competencies acquired through socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. According to human capital theory, people fall into poverty because they are deficient in education and skills, and this deficiency is primarily the consequence of their own personal investment decisions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the section on "Skills Deficit or Jobs Deficit," how does the author interpret the findings regarding skill-based technical change?

<p>Big earnings gains have not gone to large amounts of college graduates or technically trained workers like the skill-based technical change (SKTC) theory predicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. Subsidized housing (housing assistance based on income) would help families like Arleen's. However, most families who qualify for it do not receive it. [Chapter 5, Thirteenth Street]

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Eviction, eviction is particularly common among

<p>women in black neighborhoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. The majority of poor renting families in America spend over half of their income on housing, and at least on in four is paying over 70 percent.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evicted follows the eviction stories of families in

<p>Milwaukee</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. In eviction court, most tenants show up to fight being evicted.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Chapter 11, "The Hood is Good," we learn about Fair Market Rent. Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about Fair Market Rent based on that section of the reading?

<p>Landlords have a difficult time making noticeable profits off of properties with Fair Market Rents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This unit ends with what tragic event?

<p>Lamar and Kamala's building has a fatal fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does domestic violence shape eviction?

<p>Victims of domestic violence, particularly in black and inner city neighborhoods, risk eviction for nuisance calls to 911.</p> Signup and view all the answers

From Chapter 13 "E-24," how much does the owner of the trailer park earn from ownership of the trailer park?

<p>close to $500,000 per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

Matthew Desmond discusses "kin dependence" in Chapter 12. As several factors have weakened kin dependence, what strategy does he note in this section being used as an alternate for families to stay afloat?

<p>banding together with other strangers who are also living in poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. In a typical year, landlords file more than 3.5 million eviction cases.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Five of the top ten cities for evictions are in what state?

<p>Virginia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The eviction filing rate in Ohio, according to the Eviction Lab, is

<p>6.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. The federal eviction moratorium means that landlords cannot file eviction cases against any tenants while the moratorium is in place.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Ohio rate on the Eviction Lab's policy scorecard regarding having a statewide eviction moratorium during the COVID-19 pandemic? Out of five possible stars, Ohio had

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. Matthew Desmond appears to support a universal voucher program.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Chapter 20, Matthew Desmond discusses racial segregation. Based on his discussion, is it fair to say that racial segregation developed because of personal preferences or because of social design to discriminate and exploit?

<p>Housing discrimination and exploitative practices explain racial segregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. While job loss can lead to eviction, eviction can lead to job loss.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the epilogue, Matthew Desmond suggests ____________ would be a cost effective measure that would prevent homelessness and decrease evictions.

<p>establishing public-funded legal services for families in housing court</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Chapter 22, Vanetta faces sentencing for her role in an armed robbery. What happens to Venetta?

<p>She accepts responsibility for her actions and receives a prison sentence of 81 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The resources that embedded in relationships with others are

<p>social capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False. Based on the research, it is better to have homogeneous social networks than heterogeneous ones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In describing the social ties , researchers note people experiencing poverty tend to have

<p>more strong than weak ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals who are experiencing poverty tend to have ________ social networks than individuals who are affluent.

<p>less extensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research on neighborhood effects tends to focus on five key mechanisms through which environments shape life chances. One is institutional resources. Which of the following is NOT one of the other four primary mechanisms?

<p>media concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In explaining the differing experiences of the wealthy (North) countries and the poor (South) countries, the filmmakers concentrate on the issue of what?

<p>debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of dictators and use of assassinations can be seen as what?

<p>means to achieve economic goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

An alternative to a culture of poverty explanation of changing family structure usually focuses on historical changes in what?

<p>job opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biogenetic theories of poverty suggest that people's life prospects are most significantly influenced by their what?

<p>native intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the research, the best explanation for what differs between those in the middle class and those in poverty is what?

<p>opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human capital refers to what?

<p>education, training, and skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural capital refers to what?

<p>dispositions, preferences, and competencies acquired through socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evicted follows the eviction stories of families in what city?

<p>Milwaukee</p> Signup and view all the answers

The eviction filing rate in Ohio, according to the Eviction Lab, is what percentage?

<p>6.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The resources that embedded in relationships with others are called what?

<p>social capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

In describing the social ties , researchers note people experiencing poverty tend to have more ______ than _______ ties?

<p>strong, weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Poverty Elimination (Not)

Changing the tax system to increase taxes on consumption and wages is NOT a suggested way to eliminate poverty.

Bolivian Privatization

Bolivia is known for its privatization of water resources, leading to conflicts.

North-South Divide

The differing experiences of wealthy (North) and poor (South) countries are explained through debt issues.

Dictatorships and Economics

The rise of dictators and the use of assassinations can be seen as means to achieve economic goals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Origins of Inequality

The rise of the rich and the poor started in 1492 (colonialism).

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Culture of Poverty (False)

Culture of poverty explanations do not support public policies that provide more generous cash assistance.

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Women's Poverty (Not)

John Iceland explains women's higher poverty rates as the result of factors except their lack of motivation to make money

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Poverty Alternative

An alternative to a culture of poverty explanation focuses on historical changes in job opportunities.

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Black Poverty (Not)

Cultural differences are not factors to help us understand relatively high Black poverty rates.

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Income Inequality Growth

Income inequality grew in the late 20th century due to technological changes, globalization, and government policies favoring the rich.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biogenetic Poverty Theory

Biogenetic theories of poverty suggest people's life prospects are significantly influenced by their native intelligence.

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Bell Curve IQ Test

The Bell Curve uses the AFQT test as the measure of IQ.

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Bell Curve Argument

In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray argue that the poor are victims of their genes, and social interventions are ineffective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IQ Correlation Critique

Edward Royce notes that there are only very weak correlations between IQ scores and social outcomes.

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IQ vs. Background

A large section of The Bell Curve focuses on the relative influence of IQ versus family background on people's life outcomes.

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Poverty Aspirations

According to the research summary, the fundamental values and aspirations of the poor do not differ significantly from those of the middle class.

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Address Poverty (Culture POV)

Proponents of a culture of poverty explanation suggest poverty could best be addressed by dismantling the welfare state and providing moral reform.

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Culture of Poverty Origin(Not)

To explain how a culture of poverty develops, scholars generally have looked to factors except ongoing discrimination in the labor market today

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Poverty and Motivation

Culture of poverty explanations view poverty as the result of a lack of motivation to achieve.

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Poverty and Opportunities

According to the research, the best explanation for what differs between those in the middle class and those in poverty is opportunities.

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Human Capital Critique

A primary critique of a human capital approach is the theory's lack of understanding of opportunities and constraints.

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Human Capital

Human capital refers to education, training, and skills.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural Capital

Cultural capital refers to dispositions, preferences, and competencies acquired through socialization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Capital Poverty

According to human capital theory, people fall into poverty because they are deficient in education and skills, a consequence of their own choices.

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Skill Based Change

The author interprets findings regarding skill-based technical change as not significantly benefitting college graduates or technically trained workers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subsidized Housing

Subsidized housing would help families like Arleen's, but most families who qualify do not receive it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eviction Demographics

In Eviction, eviction is particularly common among women in black neighborhoods.

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Housing Cost Burden

The majority of poor renting families in America spend over half their income on housing.

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Evicted Setting

Evicted follows the eviction stories of Milwaukee families.

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Eviction Court

In eviction court, most tenants do not show up to fight being evicted.

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Fair Market Rent (Incorrect)

Landlords have a difficult time making noticeable profits off of properties with Fair Market Rents is an incorrect statement about Fair Market Rent

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Tragic End

This unit ends with Lamar and Kamala's building having a fatal fire.

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Domestic Violence Eviction

Victims of domestic violence risk eviction for nuisance calls to 911, particularly in black and inner-city neighbourhoods.

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Trailer Park Earnings

The owner of the trailer park earn close to $500,000 per year from ownership of the trailer park.

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Kin Dependence Strategy

Families band together with other strangers who are also living in poverty.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eviction Cases (Annual)

In a typical year, landlords file more than 3.5 million eviction cases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eviction Hotspot

Five of the top ten cities for evictions are in Virginia.

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Ohio Evictions

The eviction filing rate in Ohio, according to the Eviction Lab, is 6.2%.

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Eviction Moratorium (False)

The federal eviction moratorium means that landlords cannot file eviction cases against any tenants while the moratorium is in place is false.

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Ohio Policy Score

Ohio rated 0 on the Eviction Lab's policy scorecard for having a statewide eviction moratorium during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Desmond Voucher Program

Matthew Desmond appears to support a universal voucher program.

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Racial Segregation

Housing discrimination and exploitative practices explain racial segregation.

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Eviction and Job Loss

While job loss can lead to eviction, eviction can lead to job loss.

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Legal Services Solution

Establishing public-funded legal services for families in housing court would be a cost-effective measure that would prevent homelessness and decrease evictions.

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Vanetta's Outcome

She accepts responsibility for her actions and receives a prison sentence of 81 months.

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Value of Relations

The resources that are embedded in relationships with others are considered social capital.

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Heterogenous Social Network

Based on the research, it is better to have heterogeneous social networks than homogeneous ones is a false statement

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Social Ties

In describing social ties, researchers note people experiencing poverty tend to have more strong than weak ties.

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Poverty and Social range

Individuals experiencing poverty tend to have less extensive social networks than individual who are affluent

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Neighborhood Effects (Not)

Media concentration is not one of the other four primary mechanisms

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Study Notes

  • These are the definitions for terms related to the Sociology of Poverty.

Ways to Eliminate Poverty

  • Changing the tax system to increase taxes on consumption and wages is not suggested as a way to eliminate poverty

Bolivia's Natural Resource Privatization

  • Bolivia had a controversial privatization of water resources.

Wealthy (North) vs. Poor (South) Countries

  • The differing experiences are largely due to the issue of debt.

Dictators and Assassinations

  • These can be seen as means to achieve economic goals.

Origins of the Rich and Poor Divide

  • Scholars pinpoint 1492 (colonialism) as the starting point.

Culture of Poverty Theory and Public Policy

  • Culture of poverty explanations generally do not support more generous cash assistance programs.

Women's Poverty Rates

  • Women's higher poverty rate is attributed to various factors, excluding their lack of motivation to make money.

Changing Family Structure

  • An alternative explanation focuses on historical changes in job opportunities.

Factors Contributing to Black Poverty Rates

  • Cultural differences are not a primary factor in understanding high Black poverty rates.

Income Inequality

  • Income inequality increased in the late 20th century due to technological changes, globalization, and government policies favoring the rich.

Biogenetic Theories of Poverty

  • These theories emphasize the influence of native intelligence.

IQ Measurement in The Bell Curve

  • The AFQT test measures IQ in "The Bell Curve".

The Bell Curve's Argument

  • The Bell Curve posits that the poor are victims of their genes, with limited impact from social and educational interventions.

Critique of The Bell Curve

  • Weak correlations exist between IQ scores and social outcomes, debunking arguments in "The Bell Curve".

IQ vs. Family Background

  • "The Bell Curve" emphasizes the influence of IQ versus family background (parental socioeconomic status).

Values and Aspirations of the Poor

  • They do not significantly differ from those of the middle class.

Culture of Poverty Solutions

  • Proponents suggest dismantling the welfare state and promoting moral reform.

Culture of Poverty Development

  • Ongoing discrimination is not a factor in explaining how a culture of poverty develops.

Culture of Poverty and Motivation

  • Culture of poverty explanations attribute poverty to a lack of motivation to achieve.

Factors Differentiating Middle Class and Poverty

  • Opportunities are the biggest differentiator.

Critique of Human Capital Approach

  • A primary critique is the theory's lack of understanding of opportunities and constraints.

Definition of Human Capital

  • Education, training, and skills.

Definition of Cultural Capital

  • Dispositions, preferences, and competencies acquired through socialization.

Human Capital Theory

  • People fall into poverty due to deficiencies in education and skills, resulting from their personal investment decisions.

Skills Deficit vs. Jobs Deficit

  • Big earnings gains have not gone to large amounts of college graduates or technically trained workers as the skill-based technical change (SKTC) theory predicts.

Subsidized Housing

  • Most families who qualify for subsidized housing do not receive it.

Eviction and Women

  • Eviction is particularly common among women in black neighborhoods.

Renting and Income

  • Many poor renting families spend over half their income on housing, with at least one in four paying over 70 percent.

Evicted's Setting

  • The book follows eviction stories in Milwaukee

Tenant Representation in Eviction Court

  • Most tenants do not show up to fight evictions.

Fair Market Rent Misconception

  • Landlords don't have a difficult time making noticeable profits off of properties with Fair Market Rents.

Tragic Event

  • Lamar and Kamala's building has a fatal fire.

Domestic Violence and Eviction

  • Victims of domestic violence in black and inner-city neighborhoods risk eviction for nuisance calls to 911.

Trailer Park Owner's Earnings

  • Close to $500,000 per year.

Kin Dependence

  • A strategy used as an alternate is families banding together with other strangers who are also living in poverty.

Annual Eviction Cases

  • Landlords file more than 3.5 million eviction cases annually.

Cities with High Eviction Rates

  • Five of the top ten cities for evictions are in Virginia.

Ohio's Eviction Filing Rate

  • It is at 6.2%.

Federal Eviction Moratorium

  • It does not prevent landlords from filing eviction cases against any tenants.

Ohio's Policy Scorecard on Eviction Moratorium

  • Ohio had 0 out of 5 stars.

Universal Voucher Program

  • Matthew Desmond supports it.

Racial Segregation

  • Housing discrimination and exploitative practices explain racial segregation.

Job Loss and Eviction

  • Eviction can lead to job loss.

Cost-Effective Measure to Prevent Evictions

  • Establishing public-funded legal services for families in housing court.

Vanetta's Sentencing

  • She accepts responsibility and receives a prison sentence of 81 months.

Definition of Social Capital

  • The resources embedded in relationships with others.

Social Networks

  • It is better to have heterogeneous social networks than homogeneous ones.

Social Ties of People Experiencing Poverty

  • They tend to have more strong than weak ties.

Social Networks of Individuals Experiencing Poverty

  • They tend to be less extensive than those who are affluent.

Neighborhood Effects

  • Media concentration is not one of the four primary mechanisms.

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