Sociology of Family Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What term describes the arrangement where two unmarried adults live together?

Family of procreation

Cohabitation (correct)

Joint family

Nuclear family

What does the term 'childfree' refer to?

Individuals unable to conceive children

Individuals with grown children

Individuals who choose not to have children (correct)

Individuals who adopt children

What is referred to by the term 'empty nest'?

A house with pet animals only

A communal living space for seniors

Feelings of sadness when adult children leave home (correct)

A family with no children

Which term describes the theory that states a person cannot be understood alone?

Family systems theory Signup and view all the answers

What does 'intimate partner violence' encompass?

Abuse inflicted by a partner Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'learned helplessness'?

Belief of having no control over one's situation Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes people who would like to have children but are unable to conceive?

Childless Signup and view all the answers

What best describes 'modern family'?

Families based on commitment and emotional ties Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the unpaid work a parent does in the home?

Second shift Signup and view all the answers

Which type of family consists of two parents and their children?

Two-parent family Signup and view all the answers

What attachment style involves comfort with dependence on a partner?

Secure attachments Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes uninvolved parenting?

Low demandingness and low support Signup and view all the answers

What is the average life expectancy based on?

The mean survival age of 50% of a birth cohort Signup and view all the answers

What describes a family formed through remarriage after divorce or widowhood?

Blended family Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves understanding how relationships operate?

Working models Signup and view all the answers

What type of parenting is characterized by high levels of support but low demands?

Permissive parenting Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'absolute stability' refer to in personality traits?

The degree of consistency in personality traits over time. Signup and view all the answers

What type of study assesses different age groups at a single point in time?

Cross-sectional study Signup and view all the answers

What principle suggests that personality traits become aligned with environmental conditions?

Corresponsive principle Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as 'differential stability' in the context of personality?

Consistency in the rank-ordering of personality across time. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the relationship between individuals and their surroundings affecting personality traits?

Active person-environment transactions Signup and view all the answers

What do 'age effects' in personality refer to?

Maturation-related personality changes across various age groups. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'cumulative continuity principle' state about personality traits?

Personality attributes become more consistent as individuals age. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'attrition' imply in the context of personality and environment?

Individuals with specific traits leave environments not suited for them. Signup and view all the answers

What does heterotypic stability refer to?

Stability in the underlying psychological attribute despite changes in expression. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the tendency to interpret ambiguous social cues as hostile?

Hostile attribution bias Signup and view all the answers

What is a longitudinal study?

A research method following the same group over multiple time points. Signup and view all the answers

What describes the maturity principle?

Successful roles in adulthood correlate with increased traits over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the interplay between individuals and their contextual circumstances?

Person-environment transactions Signup and view all the answers

What does individual level focus on?

The stability or change shown by individuals in personality development. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by reactive person-environment transactions?

How an individual's characteristics influence their perceptions and responses to their environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes transformation in personality?

Changes in personality linked to experiences and life events. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the account held with every person that includes positive deposits and negative withdrawals?

Relationship bank account Signup and view all the answers

What does active-constructive responding involve?

Showing sincere interest in another's achievements Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is more important to subjective well-being according to the discussions?

Quality of social relationships Signup and view all the answers

What do health behaviors encompass?

Practices like exercising and avoiding harmful habits Signup and view all the answers

What is Machiavellianism in the context of relationships?

Being cunning and exploitative Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a trusted person with whom secrets can be shared?

Confidante Signup and view all the answers

What impact do social relationships largely have on life satisfaction?

Have the largest influence on positive affect Signup and view all the answers

How do feelings of unhappiness relate to the quality of relationships?

Unhappiness can coexist with good quality relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the biomedical model of health?

The presence of pathogens, injury, or genetic abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the biopsychosocial model of health emphasize?

A combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Signup and view all the answers

How long must a health condition persist to be classified as a chronic disease?

Three months or longer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'control' in a health context?

Having the perception that one can change their environment or behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is daily hassles characterized by?

Repetitive irritations in everyday life. Signup and view all the answers

Which coping strategy focuses on altering the stressful situation itself?

Problem-focused coping. Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of the mind-body connection primarily about?

The effects of emotions and thoughts on bodily functions. Signup and view all the answers

What does resilience refer to in health psychology?

The ability to recover from negative experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 19 Review Questions

Throughout the module, various shifts are discussed in areas like division of labor, family roles, marital expectations, divorce, and societal/cultural norms. Students should identify one interesting shift and explain why. Consider potential future shifts.
The reading examines different parenting styles, with authoritative parenting often cited as the most beneficial. Students should state whether they agree, providing reasons for their stance and discussing when other styles might be preferable. Consider individual factors like family background, culture, beliefs, and personal goals, when evaluating risk for divorce.
The chapter section on divorce discusses factors that increase or decrease divorce risk. Students should reflect on their own background and evaluate their potential risk. Consider aspects like family of origin, culture, religion, goals, and age.
The module concludes with tips for building happier and healthier families. Students should identify specific actions they can take immediately to increase family happiness.

Vocabulary

Adoption: Legally taking a child from other parents and raising them as one's own.
Age in place: Adapting homes and lifestyles to support aging in place, independently.
Anxious-avoidant: An attachment style characterized by suppressing feelings and difficulty depending on others.
Anxious-resistant: An attachment style marked by self-criticism, insecurity, and fear of rejection.
Attachment theory: A theory describing enduring patterns of relationships from birth to death.
Authoritarian parenting: High in demandingness, low in support.
Authoritative parenting: High in demandingness and support.
Blended family: Families formed after divorce or widowhood through remarriage.

Chapter 20 Review Questions

Age stereotypes and intergenerational interactions influence older adult quality of life. Consider the implications of Levy's research.
Personality demonstrates both stability and change after age 30. Identify stable aspects and areas of change.
The Social Convoy Model (Antonucci) impacts older adults. Explain the implications of this model.
Memory decline is not inevitable in adulthood. Discuss research findings regarding memory decline.
Dementia is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Identify potential protective factors for dementia.
Define successful aging, as described by Rowe and Kahn (1998) and others. Describe the criteria used to evaluate successful aging.

Vocabulary (Chapter 20)

Age identity: How old/young someone feels compared to their chronological age.
Autobiographical narratives: A qualitative research method focusing on characteristics and life themes.
Average life expectancy: Average number of years expected of survival for a specific birth cohort.
Cohort: Group of individuals born in the same historical period, sharing similar experiences.
Convoy Model of Social Relations: A theory that proposes that social exchanges shift with age.
Cross-sectional studies: Research method that determines age-group differences.
Crystallized intelligence: Type of intellectual ability based on knowledge, experience, and information.
Fluid intelligence: Type of intelligence focusing on reasoning and problem-solving.
Global subjective well-being: Overall perception and satisfaction with life.
Hedonic well-being: Measurement of positive and negative emotions during experiences.

Chapter 21 Review Questions

Explain the difficulty in defining personality stability across the lifespan.
Discuss how young adulthood experiences affect personality attributes.
Describe how differential stability increases during adulthood.
Define correspondences principle regarding personality development, providing examples.
Predict the likelihood of significant personality changes in adulthood and discuss factors that contribute to changes.
Identify potentially influential environments for personality change.
Describe ways for changing personality in adulthood.
Analyze the positive and negative impacts of personality attributes.

Vocabulary (Chapter 21)

Absolute stability: Consistency in personality traits over time.
Active person-environment transactions: Interplay between individuals and environment, influencing each other.
Age effects: Differences in personality related to maturation and development, not birth cohort.
Attraction: Connection between personality and environment due to individuals seeking similar environments.
Attrition: Connection between personality traits impacting the likelihood of individuals remaining within an environment.

Chapter 22 Review Questions

Identify main challenges facing relationships today.
Explain emotional bank accounts in relationships.
Describe effective ways to make positive relationship deposits.
Discuss powerful deposits to relationships.
Suggest engaging relationship activities.
Identify relationships needing positive deposits.

Vocabulary (Chapter 22)

Active-constructive responding: Showing sincere interest in another's positive news.
Capitalization: Sharing good news with another person.
Relationship bank account: Metaphor for relationship dynamics.
Self-expansion model: Seeking to expand one's capacities through relationships.

Chapter 23 Review Questions

Discuss the importance of quality versus quantity of social relationships on happiness.
Analyze the dominance of influence on happiness from friends compared to family relationships.
Evaluate the effect of relationship duration on happiness.
Evaluate the likelihood of single individuals experiencing unhappiness.
Compare the effect of same-sex and heterosexual marriages.

Chapter 24 Review Questions

Discuss psychological factors contributing to health.
Identify psychosocial constructs and behaviors for stress reduction.
Analyze interventions to boost resilience.
Explain the role of clinical health psychologists in public health.

Vocabulary (Chapter 24)

Adherence: Patient compliance with prescribed healthcare behaviors.
Behavioral medicine: Interdisciplinary field integrating psychological factors into disease treatment and prevention.
Biofeedback: Technique allowing physiological signals to be visualized for self-regulation.
Biomedical Model: Reductionist approach, blaming illness on biological factors.
Biopsychosocial model: Holistic study of individuals' biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to health and illness.
Chronic disease: Long-lasting health problems.
Control: Feeling in charge of one's environment and behaviors.
Daily hassles: Minor daily stress.
Emotion-focused coping: Handling stress by managing emotions associated with it.
General Adaptation Syndrome: Model of stress response with three stages (alarm, resistance, exhaustion).

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms and concepts related to family structures, relationships, and parenting styles. This quiz covers various sociological terms including 'childfree', 'intimate partner violence', and types of family dynamics. Dive into the world of modern family theories and definitions!