Sociology of Education: Mass Schooling and Governance
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of educators according to the Conservative orientation to education?

  • To develop students' critical thinking skills
  • To maintain social stability and protect the dominant order (correct)
  • To promote individual choice and excellence
  • To facilitate student involvement in creating a more just society
  • What is the primary focus of the sociology of education?

  • The role of governance in education
  • The impact of socio-cultural contexts on education (correct)
  • The development of critical thinking skills
  • The importance of basic skills in education
  • What characterizes the classroom pedagogical practice of the Liberal orientation?

  • Direct rules and punishments
  • Undisputed authority of the teacher and passive students
  • More democratic relations between teachers and students
  • Active inquiry by students and an emphasis on understanding (correct)
  • According to Tait, what is the main purpose of modern schooling and social governance?

    <p>To regulate the population through data collection and surveillance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Critical orientation to education?

    <p>Creating a more just and peaceful society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of governing the population through relays like the school?

    <p>Governing at a distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment is commonly used in the Liberal orientation?

    <p>Subjective tasks allowing for competitive good, better, and excellent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main criticism of teachers and the education system during the 'Education Wars'?

    <p>That they were promoting left-wing or Marxist ideologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are students viewed in the Conservative orientation?

    <p>As blank slates to be filled with knowledge and skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threefold process described by Tait in relation to mass schooling?

    <p>Individuation, differentiation, and normalisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sociology of Education

    • Education involves socio-cultural contexts that impact what is taught, by whom, how, and why, and whether it is accepted or resisted.
    • Mass schooling and governance are closely linked.

    Three Myths of Modern Schooling and Social Governance

    • Myth 1: Society was always a collection of individuals, but modern governance created a population with categorizations and individual differences.
    • Myth 2: Schools are primarily about education, not regulation, but liberal forms of governance use schools to regulate the population.
    • Myth 3: The structure of the school isn't crucial to the education process, but mass schools are examples of disciplinary societies with surveillance, regulation, and behavior management.

    Education Wars

    • Media and politicians accused teachers of being "lefties/Marxists/post-modernists" and claimed that teaching critical thinking and diverse perspectives led to "poor standards".
    • Researchers and teachers disputed this, arguing for more reforms and criticizing the push "back to conservatism" and basic skills.
    • Newspapers fueled critical vs. neo-conservative debates.

    Four Orientations to Education

    Conservative Orientation

    • Education should prepare students for work, transmitting dominant values/beliefs/practices.
    • Goal of educators: to maintain social stability and protect the dominant order.
    • Students: seen as blank slates.
    • Classroom pedagogical practice: characterized by teacher authority, student passivity, and unproblematic transmission of authorized knowledge.
    • Strategies: direct rules, punishments, lectures, rote memorization, and copying classic canons.

    Liberal Orientation

    • Education should develop the potential of individuals for daily life, competitiveness, and informed personal choice.
    • Goal of educators: to promote and reward individual choice and excellence.
    • Students: seen as decision-making individuals engaged in personal development.
    • Classroom pedagogical practice: characterized by teacher leadership, student inquiry, and emphasis on understanding.
    • Strategies: choice theory, democratic rule, values clarification, individualism, and group work.

    Critical Orientation

    • Education should create a better society (under feminist, environmentalist, etc.).
    • Goal of educators: to facilitate student involvement in co-creating a more just and peaceful world.
    • Students: seen as citizens who can question society's values and take action.
    • Classroom pedagogical practice: characterized by democratic relations between teachers and students, collaboration, and ideological critique.
    • Strategies: rights or care-based rules, critical thinking, and collaborative problem-solving.

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    Description

    Explore the socio-cultural contexts that shape education, including the myths of modern schooling and social governance. Learn how mass schooling and governance impact what is taught, how, and why.

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