Sociology of Economics Development (HS30057) Lecture 4: Modernization Theory
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Questions and Answers

According to the text, what did classical evolutionary theories assume?

  • Societies move from an advanced to a primitive stage
  • The final phase of society is always negative
  • Societies move from a primitive to an advanced stage (correct)
  • Social change is fast and revolutionary

    • What was the focus of the group supported by the USA mentioned in the text?

  • First world countries
  • Developed countries
  • Third world countries (correct)
  • Second world countries

    • According to functionalist theories, what constitutes a society as a 'system'?

  • Different body parts
  • Different thoughts and beliefs
  • Different institutions (correct)
  • Different cultures and traditions

    • What did sociologist Talcott Parsons propose regarding the parts of a society?

    <p>There should be harmony between the parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to AGIL Model, what are the four crucial functions that society as a system should perform?

    <p>Adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of theories were influential in the work of the group supported by the USA according to the text?

    <p>Evolutionary theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of relatively non-modernized societies according to Levy?

    <p>Low degree of specialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Smelser's theory of structural differentiation, how are modern families different from traditional families?

    <p>Modern families are small and nuclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of modern societies according to Levy?

    <p>High degree of centralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of modernization according to Smelser's theory?

    <p>Anonymous relationships and market exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aspect of traditional society according to Ferdinand Tonnies?

    <p>Man as social man and communal property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relatively non-modernized societies, what is the flow of goods and services from rural to urban areas characterized by?

    <p>One way flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does modern society emphasize according to Levy's description?

    <p>Progress and secularism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Universalism' is a cultural norm associated with which type of society according to Levy?

    <p>'Modernized' societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Habit' is a characteristic associated with which type of society according to Tonnies?

    <p>'Gemeinschaft' society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Novelty' is a feature attributed to which type of society by Tonnies?

    <p>'Gesellschaft' society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main axis of a class system in capitalism?

    <p>Private ownership of capital and propertyless wage labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does development involve, according to the text?

    <p>Improvement in the quality of human lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Michel Todoro, what is one of the objectives of development?

    <p>Raising peoples’ living levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of globalization provided in the text?

    <p>The intensification of local happenings shaping worldwide social relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of capitalist enterprise, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Production for competitive markets with prices as signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does development mean, according to the text?

    <p>A multi-dimensional process involving reorganization and reorientation of entire economic and social systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to David Held's classification in the globalization debate, which group believes that national governments continue to be the key players in the world economy?

    <p>Sceptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of modernization theorists as part of the modernization theory?

    <p>Explaining why poorer countries failed to evolve into modern societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the globalization debate, which group feels that individual nation-states no longer control their economies due to the vast growth in world trade?

    <p>Hyper-globalizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought originated in the post-second world war era and involves a top-down approach, suggesting that third world countries should emulate the first world for development?

    <p>Modernization school of thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to transformationalists in the globalization debate, what is globalization?

    <p>A dynamic and open process subjected to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main belief of hyper-globalizers in the globalization debate?

    <p>Globalization is producing a new global order swept by powerful flows of cross-border trade and production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of attention for modernization theorists?

    <p>Economic development, political stability, social, and cultural change in third world countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transformationalists believe about the global order?

    <p>The global order is being transformed, but many of the older patterns still remain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sceptics believe about economic interdependence?

    <p>The bulk of trade occurs within three regional groups - Europe, Asia Pacific, and North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to modernization theorists, what should poorer countries do for developing themselves?

    <p>Emulate first world countries for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

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