Social and Economic Development for Health

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the increasing number of deaths in a population?

Increase in fertility rate

Decrease in birth rate

Aging population (correct)

Increase in migration

Which physical environmental factor affects crop growth?

Soil fertility

Topography

Temperature (correct)

Geology

What is the primary influence on environmental capacity?

Physical environment (correct)

Depletion of finite resources

Climate change

Human capacity

Which region grows the most coarse grains used for animal feed and brewing?

North America Signup and view all the answers

What has led to a significant increase in calorie intake in South Asia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in the relationship between population and the environment?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of the green revolution on food production?

Increase in crop yields Signup and view all the answers

Which region has the lowest calorie intake?

Sub-Saharan Africa Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-communicable disease?

A medical condition or disease that is non-infectious and non-transmissible among people Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the Pre-Pestilence stage of the Epidemiological Transition?

High mortality rate and low life expectancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death in the Late stage of the Epidemiological Transition?

Degenerative and man-made diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of population growth in the Early stage of the Epidemiological Transition?

Receding pandemics and improved healthcare systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Post-Delayed Degenerative Diseases stage of the Epidemiological Transition?

Declining death rates concentrated at advanced ages Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of improved sanitation on population dynamics?

Improved life expectancy and reduced mortality rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of the Epidemiological Transition?

Expanded public health and sanitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Demographic Transition Model?

Population fluctuates over time due to changes in birth rates, death rates, and natural increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of Malthus' theory in relation to population growth?

That population growth will eventually exceed the carrying capacity of the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between positive and negative checks in Malthus' theory?

Positive checks decrease population, while negative checks increase it Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of Malthus' theory?

It does not account for technological advancements Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of the Club of Rome?

That the earth's resources are finite Signup and view all the answers

What is Rosling's view on the state of the world?

That it is becoming a better place to live Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the economist who supports Malthus' theory and believes that we have only deferred the disaster?

Paul Ehrlich Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of population growth exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment?

A population crash Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for people who still support Malthus' theory?

Neo-Malthusians Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Non-Communicable Diseases

A medical condition or disease that is non-infectious and non-transmissible among people

Economic Development

Technology improved food productivity and supply (Green Revolution)
Improved transport infrastructure for medical and food supplies
Investment in drainage and sewage systems, especially in urban areas
Trading resources or manufactured goods for a wider variety of foods and medicines

Improved sanitation
Better education about sanitation and disease transmission
Advances in medical technology (antibiotics and vaccines)
Better training for doctors, nurses, and midwives
Aid programs from the UN or NGOs to improve healthcare resources

Demographic Transition Model

Demonstrates how population demographics fluctuate over time due to changes in birth rates, death rates, and natural increase

Epidemiological Transition

Describes changing patterns of population age distribution, mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and causes of death
Infectious diseases are replaced by chronic diseases over time due to expanded public health and sanitation

Stages of Epidemiological Transition

Pre-Pestilence and Famine

High mortality rate, low and variable life expectancy, infectious diseases were dominant

Early Receding Pandemics

Decline in mortality rate, increase in life expectancy, population growth sustained and begins to rise exponentially
Advances in medicine and development of healthcare systems

Late Degenerative and Man-made Diseases

Mortality continues to decline, eventually approaching stability at a relatively low level
Infectious disease pandemics replaced by non-communicable degenerative diseases

Post-Delayed Degenerative Diseases

Declining death rates concentrated at advanced ages

Population and Environment

Population mainly affected by physical environmental factors and development processes
Number of deaths rising due to an aging population
Birth rate slowing, fertility rate declining

Features of the Natural Environment

Climate
Soil fertility
Topography
Water supply
Geology
Resource distribution

Relationship Between Population and Environment

Climate change
Pollution
Depletion of finite resources
Ozone depletion
Damage to wildlife and habitats

Food Production

South America grows the most oil crops
North America grows the most coarse grain (used for animal feed and brewing)
Europe grows the most barley and is the second biggest producer of pork, meat, and fish
Asian countries produce the most cereal crops, wheat, rice, sugar, meat, milk, and fish
China and India are the biggest producers of milk, meat, and fish

Influences on Food Production

Environmental capacity (physical environment, climate, water, and soil fertility)
Human capacity (population size, skills, technology, and capital investment in agricultural infrastructure)

Challenges Driven by Human Population Growth

Economic Loss

Poverty increased economic gap
Scarce resources
Increased unemployment

Environmental Degradation

Increased use of fossil fuels
Desertification
Habitat loss

Political Conflict

Pressure to use protected areas
Wars over resources
Refugees and dealing with migration crises

Providing adequate healthcare and education
Disease and pandemics
Demand for housing

Malthus' Theory

Believes there is a limit to human population growth, determined by the environment and food production
Food production increases arithmetically, population grows logarithmically
Eventually, population will exceed carrying capacity, leading to a population crash

Malthus' Checks

Positive checks (misery): war, famine, disease, increased abortion, high IMR
Negative checks (moral restraint): celibacy, later marriages

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Description

This quiz covers aspects of social and economic development that impact health, including non-communicable diseases, technology, infrastructure, and trade.