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Questions and Answers
What term refers to individuals who engage regularly in using drugs without necessarily experiencing harmful effects?
What term refers to individuals who engage regularly in using drugs without necessarily experiencing harmful effects?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a risk factor for drug use?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a risk factor for drug use?
What is one of the primary motivations for people to use drugs based on the provided content?
What is one of the primary motivations for people to use drugs based on the provided content?
What is meant by the term 'anomie' in the context of drug use?
What is meant by the term 'anomie' in the context of drug use?
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Which statement accurately describes protective factors in relation to drug use?
Which statement accurately describes protective factors in relation to drug use?
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What do sociological theorists suggest has led to widespread drug use in society?
What do sociological theorists suggest has led to widespread drug use in society?
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Which characteristic is typically linked to recreational drug use?
Which characteristic is typically linked to recreational drug use?
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How are explanations for drug use typically categorized?
How are explanations for drug use typically categorized?
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What are ‘protective factors’ in the context of drug use?
What are ‘protective factors’ in the context of drug use?
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Which personality trait is commonly associated with drug users?
Which personality trait is commonly associated with drug users?
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What is a significant correlation found between severe mental illness and drug use?
What is a significant correlation found between severe mental illness and drug use?
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How do perceptions of drug legality influence drug use?
How do perceptions of drug legality influence drug use?
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What is meant by an 'addictive personality'?
What is meant by an 'addictive personality'?
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Which of the following statements about drug users is least accurate?
Which of the following statements about drug users is least accurate?
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Which phrase best captures the interplay between perceptions of drugs and social influences?
Which phrase best captures the interplay between perceptions of drugs and social influences?
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What is suggested as a major factor in the development of drug dependence?
What is suggested as a major factor in the development of drug dependence?
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What has been emphasized at the expense of structural factors such as gender and social class?
What has been emphasized at the expense of structural factors such as gender and social class?
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Which aspect is suggested to balance with rationality in understanding drug use?
Which aspect is suggested to balance with rationality in understanding drug use?
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According to the content, what should be a focus when addressing contemporary drug use?
According to the content, what should be a focus when addressing contemporary drug use?
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What is one of the objectives of the proposed 'Global Drug Control Museum'?
What is one of the objectives of the proposed 'Global Drug Control Museum'?
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Which of the following questions is addressed in the group work for the exhibit?
Which of the following questions is addressed in the group work for the exhibit?
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What is one feature that participants need to remember when discussing cannabis use in Hong Kong?
What is one feature that participants need to remember when discussing cannabis use in Hong Kong?
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What is the primary reason that Duff (2006) suggests needs to be considered when discussing the pleasure derived from drug use?
What is the primary reason that Duff (2006) suggests needs to be considered when discussing the pleasure derived from drug use?
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What is a significant component missing from the film 'Nuggets' based on class discussions?
What is a significant component missing from the film 'Nuggets' based on class discussions?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a reason people might take drugs, according to the content?
Which of the following does NOT represent a reason people might take drugs, according to the content?
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What should groups do before leaving the session after the key information presentations?
What should groups do before leaving the session after the key information presentations?
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What is indicated as a limitation of functionalist ‘rational actor’ theories in drug taking?
What is indicated as a limitation of functionalist ‘rational actor’ theories in drug taking?
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Which aspect does the concept of 'Set and Setting' highlight as significant when understanding drug effects?
Which aspect does the concept of 'Set and Setting' highlight as significant when understanding drug effects?
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Which of the following best describes the outcome of the cost-benefit analysis performed by a rational user regarding drug use?
Which of the following best describes the outcome of the cost-benefit analysis performed by a rational user regarding drug use?
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What does the term 'drug effect' encompass according to the content?
What does the term 'drug effect' encompass according to the content?
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In considering why people continue to take drugs, what factor is increasingly viewed as important?
In considering why people continue to take drugs, what factor is increasingly viewed as important?
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What aspect is often neglected in drug research and policy according to the content's critique?
What aspect is often neglected in drug research and policy according to the content's critique?
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What does the term 'set' refer to in the context of drug use?
What does the term 'set' refer to in the context of drug use?
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Which factor can significantly impact the short-term effects of drug use?
Which factor can significantly impact the short-term effects of drug use?
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According to the normalization concept, what significant change has occurred in drug use among young people?
According to the normalization concept, what significant change has occurred in drug use among young people?
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Who introduced the concepts of 'drug, set, and setting'?
Who introduced the concepts of 'drug, set, and setting'?
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What does 'setting' refer to in relation to drug use?
What does 'setting' refer to in relation to drug use?
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What societal change does the term 'normalization' relate to?
What societal change does the term 'normalization' relate to?
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What is a common misconception about the effects of drug use based on the concepts of 'set' and 'setting'?
What is a common misconception about the effects of drug use based on the concepts of 'set' and 'setting'?
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What may characterize an 'unsafe' setting for drug use?
What may characterize an 'unsafe' setting for drug use?
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What does normalization primarily refer to in the context of drug use?
What does normalization primarily refer to in the context of drug use?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a key feature of normalization?
Which of the following is NOT considered a key feature of normalization?
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How is 'drug trying' typically measured in studies on normalization?
How is 'drug trying' typically measured in studies on normalization?
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What does the 'Drugwise' feature assess in youth regarding drug use?
What does the 'Drugwise' feature assess in youth regarding drug use?
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What implication does normalization have on policy recommendations regarding drug use?
What implication does normalization have on policy recommendations regarding drug use?
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Which statement best defines cultural accommodation in the context of normalization?
Which statement best defines cultural accommodation in the context of normalization?
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What is meant by 'future intentions' in the normalization context?
What is meant by 'future intentions' in the normalization context?
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Which aspect does the normalization thesis emphasize as much as the behavioral component of drug use?
Which aspect does the normalization thesis emphasize as much as the behavioral component of drug use?
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Study Notes
Drug Use Lecture Notes
- A lecture on drug use will cover foundational knowledge of drugs, explore classical drug theory, different types of drug use, motivations for drug use, learning to use drugs, and the importance of drug, set, and setting.
- The lecture will conclude by discussing whether drug use has become normalized.
Global Drug Use Statistics
- In 2020, 284 million people aged 15-64 used drugs worldwide.
- This represents a 26% increase compared to the previous decade.
- Use levels today in many countries are higher than previous generations. (UNODC World Drug Report 2022)
Learning Outcomes
- Students will learn about drug classifications and social constructs.
- Understand different types of drugs and their classifications.
- Explore motivations for drug use (e.g., fun, coping mechanisms, and social acceptance).
- Learn the concept of Classical Drug Theory. (Outsiders; Drug, set, and setting; Normalization )
Definition of a Drug
- A drug is any psychoactive substance that alters the mind or body, regardless of legal status or medical approval.
- Drugs can be synthetic or derived from natural sources and used for medicinal, recreational, or spiritual purposes. (Coomber et al., 2016:26)
Medico-Legal Definitions of Drugs
- Legal drugs: Drugs that can be legally sold, possessed, and used (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, and prescription medicines).
- Illegal or controlled drugs: Drugs whose sale, possession, or use is illegal (e.g., heroin, cocaine, CBD, and cannabis).
- Illicit or quasi-legal drugs: Drugs that may not be legally controlled, but may face restrictions (e.g., tobacco and alcohol for those over 18, mis-use of prescribed drugs, or legal highs).
Physical/Psychoactive Definitions of Drugs
- Stimulants: Drugs that speed up the central nervous system, causing alertness, energy, euphoria, and decreased appetite (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine).
- Depressants: Drugs that slow down the central nervous system, reducing awareness and causing relaxation (e.g., alcohol, opiates, sedatives/hypnotics).
- Hallucinogens: Drugs that distort senses and perceptions, potentially causing hallucinations (e.g., LSD, psilocin).
- Deliriants: Drugs that cause disassociation between the mind and body or out-of-body experiences (e.g., solvents, ketamine).
Types of Drug Use
- Drug use-misuse-abuse typology: Classifies drug use based on social acceptability (legitimate, misuse, or problematic).
- Problematic-recreational typology: Classifies based on motivation or patterns of use (recreational vs. problematic). (this section includes drug user, recreational drug use and drug consumer terminologies)
Motivations for Drug Use
- Explanations for drug use are based on individual biological and psychological traits and the social, economic, and cultural contexts.
- There is no single reason for drug use. Potential motivations are fun, coping mechanisms, and social acceptance. (Coomber et al., 2016:34)
Environmental Factors in Drug Use
- 'At-risk' factors, such as chaotic home life, can influence drug use.
- Protective factors, such as a stable family, can counteract risk factors
- Social understanding of norms, morals, and values contribute to some behaviours
Psychological Factors in Drug Use
- Some psychological explanations (for drug-use) suggest differences in personality characteristics between users and non-users (e.g., sensation-seeking).
- Severe mental illness is strongly correlated with substance dependence, sometimes used as self-medication.
- There is limited evidence to definitively support the existence of an "addictive personality."
Biological Influences on Drug Use
- Genetic predisposition may play a role in the tendency to use drugs.
- Biological research is most effective in determining continued use rather than initial use of drugs.
Drug, Set, and Setting
- Drug effects are influenced by the user's mood, expectations, and environment.
- Set refers to the user's mental state.
- Setting refers to the environmental context of drug use. (importance of mood, expectations, environment)
Normalization of Drug Use
- Normalisation describes how drug use becomes accepted in society.
- It emerged in the 1990s in the UK.
- Young people's increased recreational drug use (especially cannabis) is often explained through the concept of normalisation. Changes in social perceptions may be as important as factors relating to the drug itself.
- Cultural change, perception of drug use and the ease of cultural accommodation play significant parts.
Policy Implications
- Policies addressing drug use have focused on prohibition, but there's a debate on the effectiveness
- Discussion on decriminalization of cannabis has arisen.
- Debates concerning drug use often involve balancing the risks with considering the perceived benefits or rational decision-making by users.
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Description
This quiz explores various aspects of drug use from a sociological perspective. It covers topics such as risk and protective factors, motivations for drug use, and the concept of anomie. Test your knowledge about the societal influences and characteristics associated with recreational drug use.