Sociology Midterm Quiz 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of:

A bureaucracy

The McDonaldization of Society (correct)

In-Group/Out-Group dynamic

Counter-culture

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:

Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice on the first floor

Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta (correct)

Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser

The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

The group is better informed than they are (correct)

Dissent is a form of weakness

They are too weak to decide for themselves

Large groups never make mistakes

The McDonaldization of Society refers to:

The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions Signup and view all the answers

The United States Government is a form of:

A bureaucracy Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying?

Sending threatening letters to someone's home Signup and view all the answers

The concept 'reference groups' can be defined as:

Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself Signup and view all the answers

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's:

Reference group Signup and view all the answers

Grace works in an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n):

Instrumental function Signup and view all the answers

Please place the following societies in chronological order:

Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural Signup and view all the answers

______ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

Habitualization Signup and view all the answers

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as 'dawn of civilization' because:

Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities Signup and view all the answers

Alienation is defined by the text as:

The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

Alienation from one's religion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of role strain?

Becca returns to work after giving birth finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive Signup and view all the answers

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:

An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy Signup and view all the answers

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

Collective conscience Signup and view all the answers

The concept anomie can be defined as:

A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

McDonaldization and Society

The McDonaldization of Society refers to the increasing presence of fast-food business models in social institutions, impacting culture and behavior.
It illustrates how global chains, like Burger King and Wal-Mart, have become prevalent in diverse cultures.

In-group/Out-group Dynamics

In-group/out-group dynamics are social distinctions where members of one group reject or distance themselves from another (e.g., sororities advising members against associating with rival groups).

Solomon Asch concluded that individuals often conform to groups because they perceive the group as better informed than themselves, indicating social influence on behavior.

Primary groups consist of small, intimate relationships (e.g., family and close friends), while secondary groups are larger and more impersonal (e.g., coworkers).

Cyberbullying

Actions that constitute cyberbullying include sending threatening texts, posting embarrassing images, or hacking profiles, but sending letters to a home does not count.

Reference Groups

Reference groups are those against which individuals compare themselves, influencing their behaviors, beliefs, and social norms.

Societal Changes

The chronological order of societies is: Hunter-gatherer → Pastoral → Horticultural → Agricultural, indicating the development of human civilizations.

Habitualization

Habitualization describes the process whereby frequent actions become normalized and form predictable patterns in society.

Agricultural Revolution

This period marked the "dawn of civilization," resulting in established cities and increased leisure time as agriculture provided food security.

Alienation

Alienation is the condition where individuals feel isolated from society, work, or their true selves, often seen as detrimental to social cohesion.

Marx's Types of Alienation

Among the types of alienation identified by Marx, alienation from religion is not included, focusing instead on labor and social relationships.

Role Strain

Role strain occurs when an individual faces conflicting demands within a single role, such as a mother balancing familial and professional duties.

Anomie in Industrialization

Émile Durkheim argued that as societies industrialize, the weakening of collective norms leads to increased susceptibility to anomie, or normlessness.

Functionalism

Durkheim viewed society as a complex system where each part plays a crucial role, facilitating stability and health within the community.

Collective Conscience

The collective conscience encompasses the shared beliefs, morals, and attitudes that bind members of a society together.

Defining Anomie

Anomie is defined as a state where societal norms break down, leading to feelings of isolation and a lack of direction among individuals.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from your Sociology midterm. Questions include topics like McDonaldization and in-group/out-group dynamics. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding before the exam!