Sociology Lesson 4: Deviance
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of conforming and obedient behavior?

  • Social Control
  • Socialization (correct)
  • Social Stigma
  • Control Theory

    • According to the Functionalist Perspective, what is the role of deviance in society?

  • It is a type of social stigma
  • It leads to social instability
  • It is a result of social control
  • It defines acceptable behavior and contributes to stability (correct)

    • What is the term coined by Erving Goffman to describe the labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups?

  • Anomie
  • Deviance
  • Social Control
  • Stigma (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in society?

    <p>Social Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe penalties and rewards for conduct concerning social norms?

    <p>Sanctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe going along with peers who have no special right to direct our behavior?

    <p>Conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that suggests our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society’s norms?

    <p>Control Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of creating laws as a social process?

    <p>Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of learning attitudes, values, and actions that are appropriate for individuals as members of society?

    <p>Socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of crime involves the violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties?

    <p>Crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distinct identity that sets us apart from others?

    <p>Self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the willing exchange among adults of widely desired but illegal goods and services?

    <p>Victimless Crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the group activities that involve illegal activities such as gambling and the use and selling of illegal drugs?

    <p>Organized Crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the violation of criminal law that targets a victim due to their race, religion, disability, or physical appearance?

    <p>Hate Crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the eight types of crime tabulated each year by the FBI in the Uniform Crime Reports?

    <p>Index Crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mental picture that you view of yourself?

    <p>Self-Image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anomie, according to Durkheim?

    <p>A state of normlessness that occurs during social change and disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Sutherland's theory of cultural transmission of deviance?

    <p>Individuals learn how to behave in social situations, whether properly or improperly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the labeling perspective?

    <p>Why certain people are viewed as deviants and are not seen in such harsh terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of control theory?

    <p>To explain why people conform to societal norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of social disorganization theory?

    <p>Social relationships in a community affect people's behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the interactionist perspective?

    <p>Why rule violations continue despite pressure to conform and obey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of rebellion?

    <p>Rejecting societal goals and replacing them with new ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the conflict perspective?

    <p>Why our society has laws against crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Deviance and Social Control

    • Deviance refers to behavior that violates a group or society's standards of conduct or expectations
    • It involves the violation of group norms, which may or may not be formalized into a law
    • Deviance can lead to social stigma, which devalues members of certain social groups

    Types of Social Control

    • Informal social control: people use this to enforce norms
    • Formal social control: carried out by authorized agents

    Sanctions

    • Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
    • Sanctions are used to enforce conformity and obedience

    Conformity and Obedience

    • Conformity: going along with peers who have no special right to direct our behavior
    • Obedience: compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure
    • Socialization is the primary source of conforming and obedient behavior, including obedience to the law

    Law and Social Control

    • Law is defined as governmental social control
    • Laws are directed at all members of society
    • Sociologists see the creation of law as a social process

    Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance

    Control Theory

    • Suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms

    Functional Perspective

    • Deviance is a common part of human existence
    • Deviance helps to define the limits of proper behavior
    • Punishment helps to establish acceptable behavior and contribute to stability

    Interactionist Perspective

    • Explains why rule violations continue despite pressure to conform and obey
    • Cultural transmission: humans learn how to behave in social situations, whether properly or improperly

    Social Disorganization Theory

    • Social relationships in a community or neighborhood affect people's behavior
    • Increases in deviance can be attributed to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions

    Labeling Perspective

    • Social class plays an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups
    • Labeling Theory attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants and are not seen in such harsh terms

    Social Constructionist Perspective

    • Deviance is the product of the culture we live in
    • It focuses specifically on the decision-making process that creates deviant identity

    Conflict Perspective

    • Explains why our society has laws against crimes
    • Criminal laws reflect competing values and beliefs
    • People with power protect their interests and define deviance to suit their needs

    Feminist Perspective

    • Feminist criminologists suggest that many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were developed with only men in mind

    Types of Deviance

    Ritualism

    • Abandoning the goal of material success and becoming compulsively committed to institutional means

    Retreatism

    • Withdrawing or retreating from both goals and means of society

    Rebellion

    • Alienated from dominant means and goals, seeking a dramatically different social order

    Crime Categories

    • Victimless crimes: the willing exchange among adults of widely desired but illegal goods and services
    • Professional crime: person who pursues a crime on a day-to-day basis
    • Organized crime: group activities that involve illegal activities
    • White-collar and technology-based crime: illegal acts committed in business activities
    • Hate crime: targets a victim due to their race, religion, disability, or physical appearance
    • Transnational crime: crimes that have actual or potential effect across national borders
    • Index crimes: the eight types of crime tabulated each year by the FBI in the Uniform Crime Reports

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    Description

    Review of Lesson 4 on deviance, covering violations of social norms, stigma, and technology's impact. A crucial aspect of understanding culture, politics, and society.

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