Sociology Flashcards Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is Social Class?

Hierarchical perceptions based on income and education (correct)
A collection of cultural groups (correct)
A measure of economic security
None of the above

What is Socioeconomic Status (SES)?

A comparative measure of class standing based on education and income.

What is Net Worth?

The sum of a person's assets minus liabilities.

How is Poverty defined?

Condition where liabilities outweigh assets affecting basic needs. Signup and view all the answers

What does Wealth indicate?

Substantial surplus net worth. Signup and view all the answers

What is Classism?

Negative biases and discrimination based on perceived socioeconomic status. Signup and view all the answers

What does Internalized Classism refer to?

Unexamined class biases affecting self-beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What is Structural Classism?

Social practices that discriminate based on socioeconomic status. Signup and view all the answers

What is Psychological Distancing?

Justifying and distancing oneself from socioeconomic injustice. Signup and view all the answers

What does Poverty Attribution explain?

How individuals interpret the causes of poverty. Signup and view all the answers

What is Individual Causation?

Belief that personal values determine wealth or poverty. Signup and view all the answers

What is Structural Causation?

Wealth or poverty explained by socioeconomic factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Classless Society?

Equal opportunity for everyone. Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered in the Upper Class?

Those owning production mechanisms and having inherited wealth. Signup and view all the answers

Who is included in the Working Class?

Those providing labor for minimal pay. Signup and view all the answers

Who is defined as the Underclass?

Chronically underpaid citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What is Class Mobility?

The ability of individuals to advance in socioeconomic status. Signup and view all the answers

What is Food Insecurity?

Reduced quality of diet and disrupted eating patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Living Wage?

A belief that full-time workers should not live in poverty. Signup and view all the answers

What is Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF)?

Welfare program with revised eligibility and work requirements. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fair Housing Act prohibit?

Discrimination in housing based on several factors including race and disability. Signup and view all the answers

What is Cognitive Dissonance?

Psychological discomfort from conflicting information. Signup and view all the answers

What defines Economic Security?

The available economic resources for families and societies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Disability?

A limitation in pursuing an occupation due to impairment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Social Security Administration's definition of Disability?

Proves inability to perform sustained full-time work. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) definition of Disability?

An impairment affecting a major life role. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) definition of Disability?

Impairment adversely affecting educational performance. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Medical Model of Disability refer to?

Disability as an organic condition needing treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Social Model of Disability?

Focus on societal barriers against individuals with disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Moral Model of Disability?

Disability as a result of moral failings. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Functional Model of Disability indicate?

Defines disability by its impact on life roles. Signup and view all the answers

What are Impairments?

Dysfunction in a specific body system. Signup and view all the answers

What are Functional Limitations?

Difficulties performing basic activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is External Intervention?

Strategies aiding individuals through various support systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is Intraindividual Intervention?

Strategies focusing on lifestyle changes and coping mechanisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Role of the Individual in the community?

To shape community integration and resource allocation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Role of the Family influence?

Living, working, marrying, and health care decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Role of the Community regarding individuals with disabilities?

To facilitate employment and rehabilitation outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is Polytrauma?

Multiple permanent injuries resulting in various impairments. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ableism?

Social attitudes that favor individuals without disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Soldier Rehabilitation Act?

A program for training and counseling veterans. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Civilian Rehabilitation Act accomplish?

Provided funding for disability programs for citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965?

To provide federal funds to support education for deprived children. Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975?

To provide education in the least restrictive environment. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act amend?

It introduced new provisions related to the education of children with disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is Disability-Affirmative Counseling?

Views individuals with disabilities as valuable, not deviant. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Baby Boomers?

Individuals born between 1946 and 1964. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ageism?

Assuming age as the main determinant of human characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What does Adultism refer to?

Discrimination against young people and children. Signup and view all the answers

What is Age Discrimination?

Denying a job based solely on age. Signup and view all the answers

What does the U.S. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1986 protect?

Workers over 40 years of age. Signup and view all the answers

What do the Older Americans Act Amendments of 2006 protect?

The rights of older individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What does a Gerontological Counselor do?

Provides counseling services to elderly clients and their families. Signup and view all the answers

What are ACA gerontological competencies?

Prepared statements for counselor education related to gerontology. Signup and view all the answers

What is Successful Aging?

Avoidance of disease and sustained engagement in life. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Social class: Hierarchical perception based on income, education, and occupation; entails cultural consciousness within groups.
Socioeconomic status (SES): Measure of class standing combining education and income; reflects lifestyle and access to resources without assuming collective group consciousness.
Net worth: Calculated by subtracting liabilities (debt) from total assets (cash, investments, real estate).
Wealth: Indicates substantial net worth where assets significantly exceed liabilities.
Poverty: Condition where liabilities outweigh assets, hindering the ability to meet basic needs like food and shelter.
Class mobility: Ability for individuals to improve their SES or "get ahead" in society.

Classism and Its Variants

Classism: Discriminatory attitudes and behaviors based on perceived SES; can manifest in biases against individuals or groups.
Internalized classism: Unconscious biases influencing self-perception and worth in relation to status within families and communities.
Structural classism: Institutional discrimination based on SES, visible in practices like "legacy" admissions or inadequate public transport.

Economic Challenges

Living wage: Movement advocating for fair compensation that ensures full-time workers do not live in poverty.
Food insecurity: Involves reduced diet quality and irregular eating patterns affecting overall health.

Government Assistance and Policies

Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF): Welfare program revisions have limited access to public financial assistance for many poor families.
Fair Housing Act: Legislation preventing housing discrimination based on various protected characteristics.

Disability Concepts

Disability: Defined broadly as limitations caused by physical or mental impairments affecting life roles or work opportunities.
Medical model: Views disability primarily as organic conditions needing treatment.
Social model: Emphasizes societal barriers and biases faced by individuals with disabilities rather than focusing solely on the medical condition.

Rehabilitation and Support Frameworks

Extraindividual intervention: External strategies like medical care and adaptive devices to assist those with disabilities.
Intraindividual intervention: Personal strategies focused on lifestyle changes and coping mechanisms fostering independence.

Ableism: Social attitudes favoring those perceived as healthy, marginalizing individuals with disabilities.
Age discrimination: Denying employment opportunities based solely on age, prohibited under U.S. law.
Gerontological counselor: Professional providing support to older adults navigating lifestyle changes associated with aging.

Aging and Society

Successful aging: Encompasses disease avoidance, maintenance of functions, and continuous life engagement.
Baby boomers: Individuals born between 1946 and 1964, influencing societal demographics and policies regarding aging.

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