Questions and Answers
What is deviance?
What distinguishes primary deviance from secondary deviance?
Primary deviance is the initial act of rule-breaking, while secondary deviance occurs when the individual continues to engage in deviant behavior due to societal labeling.
What does labeling theory suggest?
What is Strain Theory?
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What does Conflict Theory interpret society as?
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What is Differential Association?
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What does the Uniform Crime Report consist of?
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What does the Status Frustration Theory suggest?
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What do Biological Explanations attribute crime to?
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What is the Relativity of Deviance?
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What did Durkheim argue about deviance?
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What is Global Stratification?
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What is the definition of crime?
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What does Social Control refer to?
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What are atavists?
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What does the Differential Opportunity Theory explain?
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Study Notes
Deviance and Its Theories
- Deviance refers to behaviors that breach social norms, resulting in negative social reactions.
- Primary deviance involves initial rule-breaking behavior, while secondary deviance occurs when an individual adopts a deviant identity after being labeled by society.
Labeling and Theoretical Perspectives
- Labeling theory posits that external factors influence who gets labeled as deviant, and being labeled increases the likelihood of future deviant acts.
- Strain theory, developed by Robert Merton, argues that failure to achieve financial success through conventional means leads to deviant behavior.
- Conflict theory views society as a battleground for power among groups competing for limited resources.
Social Interaction and Deviance
- Differential association theory suggests that deviance arises from interactions within primary groups that espouse deviant values.
Crime Statistics and Theoretical Models
- The Uniform Crime Report is a comprehensive collection of crime statistics from the FBI, primarily focusing on index crimes.
- Status frustration theory, proposed by Albert Cohen, links delinquency to school failure and the pursuit of self-esteem through deviance.
Biological and Relative Understandings of Deviance
- Biological explanations propose that deviant behavior may result from physical or genetic factors, labeling some as "born criminals."
- The relativity of deviance indicates that societal context determines whether behaviors are deemed deviant; what is considered deviant can change across different societies and time periods.
Importance of Deviance in Society
- Emile Durkheim argued that a society without deviance is unattainable since it plays vital roles, including promoting social cohesion and establishing norms.
Global and Structural Inequality
- Global stratification highlights the unequal distribution of privileges, resources, and power in society.
Crime and Social Control Mechanisms
- Crime is defined as behavior that disrupts laws, prompting societies to implement social control measures that regulate norm violations.
Evolutionary Perspectives on Deviance
- Atavists refer to individuals who are viewed as evolutionary anomalies, unable to conform to modern societal norms, viewed as a form of pathological deviance.
Access to Opportunities and Deviant Behavior
- Differential opportunity theory, identified by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, asserts that varying access to illegitimate means shapes the types of deviance engaged by disadvantaged individuals.
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Description
Prepare for your Sociology Exam 2 with these flashcards covering key concepts like deviance and the distinctions between primary and secondary deviance. Understand how social norms influence behavior and reactions. Test your knowledge and boost your studies!
