Khan p 261-270 Sociology: Conflict Theory & Social Constructs
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Questions and Answers

What does conflict theory primarily model?

  • Drastic changes in society (correct)
  • Individual identity formation
  • Natural phenomena
  • Social stability

    • What does social constructionism argue about reality?

  • Reality exists independently of human interaction
  • Reality is actively shaped through social interactions (correct)
  • Only brute facts exist in understanding society
  • All concepts are inherently valuable

    • What is an example of a social construct mentioned?

  • Gravity
  • Time
  • Money (correct)
  • Nature

    • What distinguishes weak social constructionism from strong social constructionism?

    <p>Weak constructionism relies on brute and institutional facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of social constructionism?

    <p>It doesn't account for natural phenomena's effects on society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to strong social constructionism, what defines reality?

    <p>Language and social habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophers are associated with social constructionism?

    <p>Berger and Luckman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In weak social constructionism, what are brute facts?

    <p>Fundamental truths not defined by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of labour is predominantly associated with men in the institution of family?

    <p>Industrial labour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of the split roles in family labour?

    <p>Social power imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory parallels the oppression of women with the exploitation of the working class?

    <p>Feminist Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of gender roles emphasizes men's association with rational thought compared to women's?

    <p>Body and physicality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption does Rational Choice Theory make about people's actions?

    <p>They are fundamentally rational choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the assumption of 'Completeness' suggest in Rational Choice Theory?

    <p>Every action can be ranked in preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do men's oppression and women's roles differ according to the content?

    <p>Women are oppressed due to economic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a gender-neutral term used to combat gendered language?

    <p>Firefighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the antithesis represent in relation to the thesis?

    <p>A reaction from those dissatisfied with the status quo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the struggle between thesis and antithesis?

    <p>Creation of a synthesis leading to a new thesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ludwig Gumplowicz's view expand upon Marx's theory?

    <p>By emphasizing war and ethnic conflicts in shaping society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does Max Weber believe is NOT the supreme factor in social stratification?

    <p>Class based on economic position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Weber identify as the three independent factors that moderate reactions to inequality?

    <p>Class, Status, and Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber, how can a person wield considerable social power despite lacking material resources?

    <p>Through political influence and government roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is prestige defined in the context of Weber's theory of stratification?

    <p>A person's social honor and influence within society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is described as resulting in a new thesis?

    <p>Civil Rights Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does functionalism primarily focus on in society?

    <p>Interdependence of specialized roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the bourgeoisie and proletariat in a capitalist society according to Marx?

    <p>The bourgeoisie depend on the proletariat for labor while exploiting them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'class consciousness' refer to?

    <p>The proletariat's realization of their exploitation and unity for change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary criticism of functionalism mentioned in the content?

    <p>It does not adequately explain social change and conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage follows capitalism according to Marx's theory of society's evolution?

    <p>Socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'thesis' in the context of Marx's dialectical analysis?

    <p>The generally accepted state of social relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, how do institutions respond to social change in functionalism?

    <p>By maintaining stability and adapting only as necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem does the concept of exploitation highlight in the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?

    <p>The dependency of the bourgeoisie on the proletariat for labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does transitivity illustrate in decision making?

    <p>A preference relation where A is preferred to C through B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the independence of irrelevant alternatives imply about decision making?

    <p>The rankings of existing options remain unchanged despite new additions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key assumption of rational choice theory in social interactions?

    <p>Actions are based on an analysis of costs and benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exchange theory view societal interactions?

    <p>As a series of individual transactions based on preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sexual selection refer to in evolutionary biology?

    <p>Natural selection favored by mate preferences based on specific traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of social selection?

    <p>Influences an individual's social mobility based on health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of rewards in exchange theory?

    <p>Rewards can be intangible, such as social approval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In exchange theory, what happens as the frequency of rewards increases?

    <p>The reward becomes less valuable due to increased supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Functionalism in society?

    <p>The stability and equilibrium of society over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Conflict Theory view societal change?

    <p>As a merging of opposing positions leading to new structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Social Constructionism emphasize about value?

    <p>That value comes from the collective agreement of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element of Symbolic Interactionism?

    <p>The negotiation of meaning through social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Feminist Theory?

    <p>It addresses gender inequalities in patriarchal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critique is commonly associated with the rational choice perspective in social interactions?

    <p>It ignores the complexity of human motivations and societal constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of interdependence imply about human relationships?

    <p>Relationships are structured around mutual benefits and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of viewing all human interactions through rational choice theory?

    <p>It fails to account for social norms and individual values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Branches of Epidemiology

    • Epidemiology is a branch of medicine that studies the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other health-related factors.

    Functionalism

    • Functionalism is a sociological perspective that examines society as a system of interconnected parts.
    • It emphasizes stability and equilibrium within social systems.
    • Emile Durkheim's ideas are the foundational basis of Functionalism.
    • Society is viewed as a whole consisting of interconnected institutions.
    • Social facts, like institutions, exist independently of any one individual, and are coercive forces shaping individuals.
    • Manifest functions are the intended, recognized consequences of any social structure; institutions function to maintain equilibrium within the system. For example, school educates people for job opportunities.
    • Latent functions are unrecognized, secondary, and unintended consequences of institutions. An example of this would be schools exposing students new connections/activities.
    • Social dysfunction describes undesirable consequences, processes, or outcomes. These may disrupt the system's equilibrium.

    Conflict Theory

    • Conflict theory is a sociological perspective that highlights social inequalities and power struggles.
    • This perspective stems from Karl Marx's theories.
    • Society is viewed as a system with inherent inequalities and conflict.
    • The 19th century saw a divide between a minority rich capitalist class and a majority poor proletariat (working class).
    • The upper class owns factories and resources while the working class provides labor.
    • Marx believed that economic inequality leads social change and revolution. The theory predicted that societal contradictions, such as the vast difference seen between the rich and poor, leads to conflict and class struggle. The working class would eventually prevail when they realize that they are being exploited.

    Social Constructionism

    • Social constructionism argues that human knowledge is constructed by society, rather than inherent truths.
    • Social constructs such as "nations," or "objects" require social agreement to exist.
    • Knowledge, social norms, and values are "socially constructed." People interact and attach meanings to create these concepts.
    • These constructs are not inherent or unchanging; they are constantly changing and evolving.
    • Brute facts are fundamental and independent facts. These facts form the foundations for social constructs.
    • Institutional facts are social constructs that depend on brute facts and shared conventions. For example, money depends on paper we assign value to.

    Symbolic Interactionism

    • Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that examines how individuals interact and interpret symbols and meanings in their daily lives.
    • Focuses on the small scale of interactions between individuals.
    • Emphasizes how shared symbols and meanings create social reality.
    • Meanings are created and modified through interactions, and are not permanent or inherent.
    • Interactions with symbols, people, and events shape our beliefs and behavior.

    Feminist Theory

    • Feminist theory is a sociological perspective that examines and critiques gender inequality.
    • Focuses on identifying and challenging gender inequalities, discrimination and oppression affecting women in society.
    • Examines power imbalances and struggles between men and women.
    • Critiques the social structures and norms that contribute to gender inequality, such as gender roles, unequal pay, and violence against women.

    Rational Choice Theory and Exchange Theory

    • These theories focus on how individuals make decisions and engage in interactions based on costs and benefits.
    • Individuals are motivated to maximize their benefits and minimize their costs.
    • Interactions involve the exchange of resources, such as social approval, money, and gifts.

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    Social Theories Overview (Part 1) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in sociology, focusing on conflict theory and social constructionism. Participants will examine the implications of these theories on gender roles and family dynamics. Test your understanding of how reality is socially constructed and the critiques surrounding these theories.

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