Sociology Chapters 13 & 14

Chapter 13- Leisure and Media

• Leisure is time for relaxing, engaging in recreation, or freely chosen activities.
• Leisure has changed, now more often done at home using technology.
• Types of leisure can vary based on social classes.
• Media plays a big role in how we think about leisure.
• Commodities: People now buy fun as products or services, instead of making their own.
• Formal organizations: Many previously spontaneous recreational activities are now organized.
• Conglomeration: A single corporation acquiring unrelated businesses.
• Mergers: Companies combine to boost efficiency and profits by removing unneeded departments/resources.
• Monopoly: A single company/person controls a good or service without competition.
• Hypodermic needle theory (magic bullet theory): Media consumers passively accept media messages.
• Active Audience Theory: Explains media effects by focusing on audiences actively interpreting messages.

Chapter 14- Healthcare

• Acute diseases: Sudden onset, possibly fatal illnesses.
• Chronic diseases: Develop slowly over a long time.
• Curative medicine: Treating a problem after it appears.
• Preventative medicine: Focusing on preventing problems before they happen, often involving lifestyle changes.
• Palliative care: Providing comfort and pain relief specifically for patients with terminal/severe illnesses.
• Medicalization: Making an issue a medical problem.
• Epidemiologists: Studying patterns of disease and spread.
• Epidemic: Significantly higher-than-expected disease cases.

Chapter 5- Population, Cities, and Environment

• Demography: Study of population size and growth.
• Fertility Rate: Average number of children a woman bears in her lifetime.
• Mortality Rate: Number of deaths per 1000 people.
• Infant Mortality Rate: Infant deaths per 1000 live births.
• Life Expectancy: Average lifespan based on current age.
• Malthusian Theory: Population growth can outpace food production and other resources.
• Demographic Transition: A shift from high birth and death rates to low rates.
• Rural: Areas with a low population density.
• Urban: Densely populated areas.
• Urbanization: Influx of people to cities.
• Metropolis: Urban center with a significant population and global impact.
• Global Cities: Cities with substantial and impactful economic, political, and social global reach.

Additional Study Points (from Chapters 13, 14, and 5)

• Third Place: Public spaces for social interaction outside of home and work.
• Civil Society: Social organizations and interactions outside family, government, and workplace.
• Food Deserts: Areas with little to no access to fresh, healthy food.
• Deprivation Amplification: Existing risks made worse by social factors (e.g., hereditary risks made worse by dangerous jobs).
• Cultural Competence: Acknowledging and integrating a person's culture into treatment process, such as considering religious beliefs.
• Complementary Medicine: Alternative practices alongside modern medicine.
• Urban Density: Number of people in a given area.
• Suburbanization: Population shift from urban centers to the suburbs.
• Urban Sprawl: Uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.
• Edge Cities: Employment and commercial centers outside cities.
• Smart Growth: Planning urban areas sustainably.
• White Flight: Movement of white people from urban areas to suburbs.
• Urban Renewal: Revitalizing city areas, sometimes by demolition and reconstruction.
• Gentrification: Improvements leading to displacement of working-class residents.
• Utopia: Ideal/perfect society.
• Dystopia: Opposite of Utopia, a very negative society.
• Social Atomization: Community structure that prioritizes individuality.
• Urbanites: People living in cities.
• Civil Inattention: A social norm where people in public briefly interact and then disengage.

Explore the intersections of leisure, media, and healthcare in these two critical chapters. Understand how leisure activities have evolved, the impact of media on perceptions of recreation, and the intricacies of healthcare systems. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge and critical thinking on these topics.