Sociology Chapters 13 & 14
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Questions and Answers

What does life expectancy measure?

  • Statistical measurement of how long a person is expected to live (correct)
  • The average age at which people die
  • The number of births per year in a population
  • The number of years a population has existed

    • According to Malthusian theory, population growth can outpace resources if not managed properly.

    True

    Define urbanization.

    The movement of increasing numbers of people leaving rural areas to live in urban areas.

    ______ is a derogatory term for the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

    <p>Urban sprawl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Gentrification = Transformation of poor neighborhoods into affluent areas White flight = Movement of affluent individuals from cities to suburbs Urban renewal = Efforts to revitalize decaying inner cities Metropolis = An urban area with a population range from 500k to 1m people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'civil inattention'?

    <p>Briefly noticing others before ignoring them in public settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dystopia refers to a perfect society free of social problems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is demographic transition?

    <p>A theory about the change over time from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process of a personal issue being viewed as a medical one?

    <p>Medicalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pandemic is defined as a disease that is confined to a single geographic location.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SES stand for, and how does it impact health access?

    <p>Socioeconomic Status; it affects access to healthcare, medication, and nutrition, where higher SES leads to better health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ______ is a community with little to no access to fresh, healthy food.

    <p>food desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts related to healthcare with their definitions:

    <p>Structural functionalism = Focuses on stability and function of society through healthcare Conflict theory = Examines inequality in healthcare access Cultural competence = Incorporation of cultural backgrounds in treatment Demography = Study of population size and changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infant mortality rate?

    <p>Number of deaths per 1,000 live births</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Racial inequalities in healthcare are solely the result of genetic differences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define life expectancy.

    <p>The average age that people in a particular population are expected to live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hypodermic Needle (Magic Bullet) Theory suggest about media consumers?

    <p>They are passive, uncritical recipients of content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active Audience Theory claims that audience members have no role in interpreting media content.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the term 'demography'.

    <p>Demography is the statistical study of populations, including the structure, distribution, and trends in population changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ care focuses on relief from symptoms or pain, rather than providing a cure.

    <p>Palliative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following healthcare terms with their definitions:

    <p>Acute diseases = Develop over a long period and may not be detected until later in life Chronic disease = Have a sudden onset and may be briefly incapacitating Curative medicine = Treats a problem after it has started Preventative medicine = Aims to prevent or delay health problems through lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best illustrates a form of racial inequality in healthcare?

    <p>Disparities in treatment options based on race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural Functionalism in healthcare views the health system as an interconnected network focused on maintaining social stability.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'civil society'?

    <p>Civil society refers to organizations and institutions outside of family, government, and work that foster social bonds and community interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 13- Leisure and Media

    • Leisure is time for relaxing, engaging in recreation, or freely chosen activities.
    • Leisure has changed, now more often done at home using technology.
    • Types of leisure can vary based on social classes.
    • Media plays a big role in how we think about leisure.
    • Commodities: People now buy fun as products or services, instead of making their own.
    • Formal organizations: Many previously spontaneous recreational activities are now organized.
    • Conglomeration: A single corporation acquiring unrelated businesses.
    • Mergers: Companies combine to boost efficiency and profits by removing unneeded departments/resources.
    • Monopoly: A single company/person controls a good or service without competition.
    • Hypodermic needle theory (magic bullet theory): Media consumers passively accept media messages.
    • Active Audience Theory: Explains media effects by focusing on audiences actively interpreting messages.

    Chapter 14- Healthcare

    • Acute diseases: Sudden onset, possibly fatal illnesses.
    • Chronic diseases: Develop slowly over a long time.
    • Curative medicine: Treating a problem after it appears.
    • Preventative medicine: Focusing on preventing problems before they happen, often involving lifestyle changes.
    • Palliative care: Providing comfort and pain relief specifically for patients with terminal/severe illnesses.
    • Medicalization: Making an issue a medical problem.
    • Epidemiologists: Studying patterns of disease and spread.
    • Epidemic: Significantly higher-than-expected disease cases.

    Chapter 5- Population, Cities, and Environment

    • Demography: Study of population size and growth.
    • Fertility Rate: Average number of children a woman bears in her lifetime.
    • Mortality Rate: Number of deaths per 1000 people.
    • Infant Mortality Rate: Infant deaths per 1000 live births.
    • Life Expectancy: Average lifespan based on current age.
    • Malthusian Theory: Population growth can outpace food production and other resources.
    • Demographic Transition: A shift from high birth and death rates to low rates.
    • Rural: Areas with a low population density.
    • Urban: Densely populated areas.
    • Urbanization: Influx of people to cities.
    • Metropolis: Urban center with a significant population and global impact.
    • Global Cities: Cities with substantial and impactful economic, political, and social global reach.

    Additional Study Points (from Chapters 13, 14, and 5)

    • Third Place: Public spaces for social interaction outside of home and work.
    • Civil Society: Social organizations and interactions outside family, government, and workplace.
    • Food Deserts: Areas with little to no access to fresh, healthy food.
    • Deprivation Amplification: Existing risks made worse by social factors (e.g., hereditary risks made worse by dangerous jobs).
    • Cultural Competence: Acknowledging and integrating a person's culture into treatment process, such as considering religious beliefs.
    • Complementary Medicine: Alternative practices alongside modern medicine.
    • Urban Density: Number of people in a given area.
    • Suburbanization: Population shift from urban centers to the suburbs.
    • Urban Sprawl: Uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.
    • Edge Cities: Employment and commercial centers outside cities.
    • Smart Growth: Planning urban areas sustainably.
    • White Flight: Movement of white people from urban areas to suburbs.
    • Urban Renewal: Revitalizing city areas, sometimes by demolition and reconstruction.
    • Gentrification: Improvements leading to displacement of working-class residents.
    • Utopia: Ideal/perfect society.
    • Dystopia: Opposite of Utopia, a very negative society.
    • Social Atomization: Community structure that prioritizes individuality.
    • Urbanites: People living in cities.
    • Civil Inattention: A social norm where people in public briefly interact and then disengage.

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    Sociology Test 4 PDF

    Description

    Explore the intersections of leisure, media, and healthcare in these two critical chapters. Understand how leisure activities have evolved, the impact of media on perceptions of recreation, and the intricacies of healthcare systems. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge and critical thinking on these topics.

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