Sociology Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?

social stratification

Identify each example as indicating either relative or absolute deprivation.

Underclass family running out of money

Homeless man seeking food

Low-income student with thrift store clothes (correct)

Lower-middle class family in affluent area (correct)

What concept highlights the discrimination faced by Black men compared to Black women in the labor market?

intersectionality

How much would the minimum wage need to be to constitute a living wage?

$11-$18 per hour Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a major system of stratification?

Prison Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when the Great Recession led to middle-class people experiencing downward mobility?

structural mobility Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and education that aids social reproduction?

cultural capital Signup and view all the answers

Match each term related to social mobility to the correct definition:

Intragenerational mobility = Movement between social classes during an individual's lifetime Open System = A social system with ample opportunities to move between classes Intergenerational mobility = Movement between social classes from one generation to the next Closed System = A social system with very little opportunity to move between classes Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of work to the appropriate description:

Creative class = Often comprised of individuals in the upper-middle class Precarious labor = Workers in the lower-middle and lower class often engaged in this Underemployment = Individuals whose work doesn't make full use of their skills Signup and view all the answers

The income amount for the top 1% is __________.

$2 million Signup and view all the answers

The income amount for the 14% group is __________.

$150,000 Signup and view all the answers

Match the level of education for each class:

1% = Some prestigious university degrees 14% = College and university degrees, some graduate degrees 30% = High school degrees 13% = Some high school 12% = Some high school Signup and view all the answers

Place each occupation in the correct row of the social prestige scale:

86 = Physician 72 = Dentist 64 = Electrical Engineering 58 = Actor 40 = Farmer 28 = Waiter/Waitress Signup and view all the answers

Match each basic principle of social stratification to the appropriate example:

Social stratification is a characteristic of a society = Barack Obama became president despite general lower status Different societies use different criteria = Gender is the most important characteristic in traditional societies Social stratification is maintained through beliefs = The American achievement ideology suggests hard work equates to success Social stratification persists over generations = Mark Zuckerberg is likely to pass down his wealth to his children Signup and view all the answers

A ____________ approach suggests that social inequality is a necessary part of society.

functionalist Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social stratification refers to the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy.
Social stratification is a characteristic of a society, not of individual differences.

Relative and Absolute Deprivation

Relative deprivation refers to the feeling of being deprived of something compared to others.
Example: A low-income student feeling deprived compared to peers who wear expensive clothes and drive nice cars.
Absolute deprivation refers to a lack of basic necessities like food and shelter.
Example: A homeless person struggling to find food and a place to stay.

Intersectionality

Intersectionality refers to the idea that different forms of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism) intersect and compound, leading to unique experiences of discrimination.
Example: Black men facing more discrimination than Black women in the labor market.

Living Wage

The current federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour (since 2009).
A living wage would be between $11-$18 per hour.

Systems of Stratification

Major systems of stratification include:
- Economic systems (e.g., capitalism, socialism)
- Social systems (e.g., caste, class)
- Political systems (e.g., democracy, authoritarianism)
Prison is not a major system of stratification.

Structural mobility refers to changes in social mobility due to changes in the economy or society.
Example: The Great Recession leading to downward mobility for middle-class individuals.
Intragenerational mobility refers to movement between social classes during an individual's lifetime.
Intergenerational mobility refers to movement between social classes from one generation to the next.

Cultural Capital

Cultural capital refers to the social assets and resources that provide advantages in social mobility.
Example: Pierre Bourdieu's idea that social reproduction occurs through the acquisition of cultural capital.

Typical household incomes for each class:
- 1%: $2 million
- 14%: $150,000
- 30%: $70,000
- 30%: $40,000
- 13%: $25,000
- 12%: $15,000
Typical education levels for each class:
- 1%: Prestigious university degrees
- 14%: College and university degrees, some graduate degrees
- 30%: Two- and four-year college degrees
- 30%: High school degrees
- 13%: Some high school
- 12%: Some high school

Occupations ranked by social prestige:
- 86: Physician
- 72: Dentist
- 64: Electrical Engineer
- 58: Actor
- 40: Farmer
- 28: Waiter/Waitress

Social stratification is maintained through widely shared beliefs.
Example: The American achievement ideology suggests that people who are not successful did not work hard enough.
Social stratification persists over generations.
Example: Mark Zuckerberg likely passing down his wealth to his children.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on key concepts from Sociology Chapter 7. Explore fundamental terms like social stratification and the distinctions between relative and absolute deprivation. Perfect for quick reviews and exam preparation.