Sociology Chapter 7 Flashcards

The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality, conditioning that individual to conform to society's expectations.

The rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms.

An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior.

<p>A punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reward or punishment given by a formal organization or regulatory body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enforcing of norms through either internal or external means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior that violates significant social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mark of social disgrace that sets a deviant individual apart from the rest of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory of deviant behavior that views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and the structure of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory of deviant behavior in which deviance is seen as a natural occurrence and conformity is seen as the result of social ties among individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory of deviant behavior that views deviance as a learned behavior transmitted through interaction with others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A concept that refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and non-deviant individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory of deviant behavior that focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as deviant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The occasional violation of norms; individuals who commit it do not see themselves as deviant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lifestyle of deviance; results in individuals being labeled as deviant and accepting that label.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any act that is labeled as such by those in authority and is prohibited by law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offenses committed by people of high social status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large-scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or legitimate enterprise through violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The system of police, courts, and corrections that has jurisdiction once a crime has been committed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The police have considerable power to decide who is actually arrested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The practice of assuming that non-white Americans are more likely to commit a crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sanctions used to punish criminals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term for repeated criminal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers