Sociology Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The term deviance can be defined as:

Social reward for the violation of norms.

The regulation and enforcement of norms.

The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. (correct)

Sociologist Edwin Sutherland is best known for Strain theory.

False

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?

Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine. (correct)

Eleanor being given a 'Teacher of the Year' award for her work as a high school English teacher.

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?

C.Wright Mills Signup and view all the answers

The term secondary deviance can be defined as:

When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society. Signup and view all the answers

The term crime can be defined as:

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime?

A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Sociologist Travis Hirschi is best known for Control theory.

True Signup and view all the answers

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior...Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience?

Labeling theory Signup and view all the answers

Bernie Madoff engaged in which form of crime?

Corporate crime Signup and view all the answers

Sociologists Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay are best known for Cultural deviance theory.

True Signup and view all the answers

An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year?

195,000 Signup and view all the answers

Which theory best describes Ally's experience?

Differential association theory Signup and view all the answers

Strain theory:

Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals. Signup and view all the answers

Deviance is always considered a crime.

False Signup and view all the answers

Social control is a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

False Signup and view all the answers

Sociologist Robert Merton is best known for Differential association theory.

False Signup and view all the answers

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a positive formal sanction.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?

The jury Signup and view all the answers

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions of Key Terms

Deviance: A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, including folkways, mores, and codified law.
Crime: Behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.
Secondary Deviance: When an individual's self-concept and behavior change after being labeled as deviant by society.

Important Theories and Sociologists

C.Wright Mills: Known for studying the power elite and their influence over society.
Differential Association Theory: Explains that deviant behavior is learned from those close to an individual.
Strain Theory: Addresses the relationship between socially acceptable goals and the means to achieve them.
Labeling Theory: Suggests that societal labels can affect an individual's self-identity and behavior.

Examples of Sanctions

Negative Informal Sanction: An example includes being booed off stage for an offensive joke.
Positive Formal Sanction: Earning a promotion after winning an important case demonstrates a positive formal sanction.

Types of Crime

Hate Crime: A crime occurring as a result of bias against a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.
Corporate Crime: Crimes committed for the benefit of a corporation, such as the Ponzi scheme by Bernie Madoff.

Statistics and Prevalence

Approximately 195,000 hate crime victims in the U.S. each year.

Notable Sociologists

Edwin Sutherland: Incorrectly attributed with strain theory; known for differential association theory.
Travis Hirschi: Known for Control theory.
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay: Recognized for Cultural deviance theory.
Robert Merton: Noted for Strain theory, not differential association.

Crime and Deviance Concepts

Deviance is not always criminal, as some behaviors may violate social norms without breaching legal statutes.
Social control systems do not necessarily make decisions solely based on law, indicating broader societal influences.

Misconceptions

The jury is not considered a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System.
Émile Durkheim believed some deviance was necessary for social order, contrary to the notion that it is purely dangerous.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 7 of Sociology. This chapter focuses on the concept of deviance and its implications in society. Each card presents key terms and definitions crucial for understanding social norms and their violations.