Questions and Answers
What type of leader is a task-oriented leader?
What does an expressive leader do?
Supports group morale through emotional connection and interaction.
As a group increases, _______ & _______ decreases.
Intimacy & Intensity
As a group increases, _______ & _______ increases.
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Which principle states that members of an organization are promoted until they reach their level of incompetence?
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A dyad is the strongest and most stable group configuration.
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What is the significance of a reference group?
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What is groupthink?
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What characterizes a secondary group compared to a primary group?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What does bureaucratic alienation refer to?
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Study Notes
Leadership Styles
- Instrumental Leader: A task-oriented leader focused on moving the group toward its goals, preventing sidetracking on tasks.
- Expressive Leader: A socioemotional leader who lifts group morale through humor and empathy, often unrecognized in a leadership role.
- Authoritarian Leadership: Enforces tasks and decisions with little input from group members.
- Democratic Leadership: Aims to achieve consensus through group participation and collaboration.
- Laissez-faire Leadership: Highly permissive, allowing group members freedom with minimal intervention.
Group Dynamics
- Dyad: The simplest and most intense group structure involving two people that is unstable; collapse occurs if one member loses interest.
- Triad: A group of three individuals characterized by less intense interactions than dyads, providing greater stability and potential for coalition formation.
- Coalition: A situation where two members of a triad align against the third member.
- Arbitrator/Mediator: The member of a triad who attempts to resolve conflicts between the other two members.
Group Characteristics
- Intimacy & Intensity: These aspects decrease as the size of a group increases.
- Stability & Formality: These aspects increase as group size grows.
- Aggregate: A collection of individuals who are together at the same place and time but do not necessarily form a group.
- Category: Individuals sharing similar characteristics but not organized into a group.
Organizational Concepts
- Peter Principle: Individuals in an organization are promoted based on performance until they reach a position beyond their capability.
- Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes: Preconceived notions about individuals that influence behavior to conform with these stereotypes.
- Bureaucratic Alienation: Workers feel detached, perceiving themselves as roles rather than individuals, impacting job satisfaction.
- Alienation: Employees resist feelings of alienation by forming close-knit primary groups at the workplace.
Group Interaction & Influence
- Group Dynamics: The reciprocal influence between groups and their members.
- Small Group: A cohesive unit allowing direct interaction among all members.
- Groupthink: The phenomenon where group members develop a narrow view, stifling dissenting opinions and leading to poor decision-making.
Types of Groups
- Primary Group: Plays a vital role in personal development characterized by close, intimate, long-term relationships.
- Secondary Group: Larger and more impersonal than a primary group, typically temporary and based on specific interests or activities.
- In-groups: Groups to which individuals feel loyalty and identify with.
- Out-groups: Groups characterized by feelings of antagonism toward them.
- Reference Group: A standard group used for self-evaluation and comparison.
- Social Network: The interconnecting ties linking individuals, extending outward from the self.
- Clique: A subgroup within a larger group formed by individuals choosing to interact closely with each other.
Influential Studies and Theorists
- Milgram Study: Found participants would follow authority figures to the extent of causing harm to others, underlining the influence of authority on behavior.
- Georg Simmel: Analyzed how the size of a group affects behavior and interaction patterns within it.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 5 of Sociology. This quiz focuses on important terms related to leadership styles, particularly instrumental and task-oriented leaders. Perfect for reviewing definitions and applications within a sociological context.
