Sociology Chapter 4 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the Functionalist perspective.

False

Which of the following is an example of role strain?

  • Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.
  • Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children.
  • Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive. (correct)
  • Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham.

    • Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

  • The enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat.
  • The proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeois.
  • The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois. (correct)
  • The bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves.

    • Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?

    <p>Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agricultural societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as an organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Institutionalization describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alienation is defined by the text as:

    <p>The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

    <p>Collective conscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A Conflict theorist would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Please place the following societies in chronological order:

    <p>Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept anomie can be defined as:

    <p>A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

    <p>Alienation from one's religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term institutionalization can be defined as the idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:

    <p>People base their images on how they think other people see them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her 'goth' and 'emo.' She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of role strain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.

    <p>Ascribed status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?

    <p>A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as 'dawn of civilization' because:

    <p>Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sociology Concepts

    • Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto

      • Based on conflict theory, not the Functionalist perspective.

    • Role Strain

      • Example: Becca struggles to balance her roles as a mother, wife, and executive after returning to work post-birth.

    • Societal Change According to Marx

      • Occurs through the proletariat's takeover of production from the bourgeois.

    • Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

      • Example not applicable: Kevin succeeding in the marathon despite being injured contrasts the concept.

    Societal Structures and Evolution

    • Agricultural Societies

      • Innovated through crop rotation and fertilizer for survival.

    • Functionalist Perspective

      • Émile Durkheim viewed society akin to an organism, where each part maintains stability.

    • Institutionalization

      • Refers to actions becoming habitual; not merely repetitive actions.

    • Anomie Concept

      • Represents societal detachment from a collective consciousness, leading to norms being weakened.

    Alienation and Collective Consciousness

    • Definition of Alienation

      • Isolation from society, work, or self-identity.

    • Collective Conscience

      • Represents the communal beliefs and moral attitudes of society, according to Durkheim.

    • Marx's Types of Alienation

      • Alienation from labor products, self, and others, but not religion.

    Social Roles and Identities

    • Impression Management

      • Conflict theorists focus less on objects like a judge's gavel or a lawyer's suit in regard to social roles.

    • Looking-Glass Self

      • Charles Cooley's idea that self-image is influenced by perceptions of how others see us.

    • Ascribed Status Example

      • Ivanka Trump represents ascribed status as the daughter of a business mogul.

    Types of Societies

    • Chronological Order of Societies

      • Sequence: Hunter-gatherer → Pastoral → Horticultural → Agricultural.

    • Organic Solidarity

      • Workers have specialized roles, contrasted with individual artistic endeavors like a freelance artist.

    Historical Development

    • Agricultural Revolution Significance
      • Initiated urban development and allowed humans leisure time due to stable food sources.

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    Test your knowledge on key concepts from Sociology Chapter 4 with these flashcards. Explore foundational theories and examine examples that illustrate sociological perspectives. Challenge yourself to understand the application of these concepts in real life.

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