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Questions and Answers
The terms ___ and ___ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them.
culture and society
What are bravery and freedom in the context of the American flag?
nonmaterial culture
What is the belief that one's culture is inferior to another culture called?
xenocentrism
What is it called when someone experiences surprise or discomfort in response to the cultural practices of another?
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Music and laughter are examples of:
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What is a nation's flag considered?
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The existence of social norms is one way to encourage what?
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What is the biggest difference between mores and folkways?
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What concept explains that people cannot feel or experience something without a word for it?
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Cultural sanctions can be viewed as ways that society:
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An example of high culture is ___, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____.
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The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture?
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Modern-day hipsters are an example of:
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What does a cultural lag refer to?
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The broadening of the job market due to telecommuting can be attributed to:
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What is the major difference between invention and discovery?
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An example of globalization is that McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world. This is an example of:
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A sociologist investigating the historical underprivilege of Hispanic American students is using which theoretical approach?
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Which theoretical approach would a sociologist studying the Occupy Wall Street movement most likely use?
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What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent, inherently connected parts?
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The notion that anybody can be successful if they work hard enough is commonly associated with which sociological theory?
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Study Notes
Key Terms and Definitions
- Culture vs. Society: Often used interchangeably; culture encompasses beliefs, values, and practices, while society refers to organized groups of individuals.
- Nonmaterial Culture: Represents the ideas and beliefs associated with material objects; for example, bravery and freedom associated with the American flag.
- Xenocentrism: The belief that another culture is superior to one's own culture.
- Culture Shock: The discomfort experienced when encountering unfamiliar cultural practices, such as Rodney's surprise at a greeting custom in Italy.
Cultural Concepts
- Universalism: Concept that certain cultural traits, like laughter and music, are common across all societies.
- Symbolism: A nation's flag serves as a symbol representing identity and values.
- Social Control: Mechanisms, including formal and informal norms, that encourage conformity within a society.
Norms and Values
- Mores vs. Folkways: Mores are linked to morality, while folkways pertain to ordinary etiquette and practices within a culture.
- Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: Suggests that language influences thought; people may struggle to conceptualize experiences lacking specific vocabulary.
- Cultural Sanctions: Society's ways of regulating behavior through rewards or punishments.
Culture Types
- High Culture vs. Popular Culture: High culture includes sophisticated artistic expressions (e.g., Dostoevsky), while popular culture includes widely popular phenomena (e.g., "American Idol").
- Counterculture: Movements that oppose mainstream cultural values; example: Ku Klux Klan.
- Subculture: Groups with distinct values or lifestyles within a larger culture; modern-day hipsters exemplify this.
Social Changes
- Cultural Lag: Situations where non-material culture (like technology use) does not keep pace with material culture; illustrated by the grandmother's one-sided communication in emails.
- Globalization: The expansion of job markets across borders and flexible work arrangements, highlighting the interconnectedness of economies.
Discovery and Invention
- Discovery vs. Invention: Discovery involves recognizing existing entities, whereas invention involves creating new combinations of ideas or materials.
Cultural Diffusion
- Cultural Diffusion: The spread of cultural elements, exemplified by the presence of McDonald's in various countries.
Sociological Theories
- Conflict Theory: Examines the inequalities faced by marginalized groups, such as Hispanic American students in education.
- Symbolic Interactionism: Focuses on the dynamics of social interactions, as seen in the Occupy Wall Street movement.
- Functionalism: Views society as a complex system with interdependent parts working together.
- Conflict Theory (American Dream): Critiques the idea that success is simply a result of hard work, highlighting systemic barriers.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts from Sociology Chapter 3. This quiz covers important terminology and concepts related to culture, society, and the differentiation between material and nonmaterial culture. Enhance your knowledge with these flashcard-style questions.
