Sociology Chapter 2: Cultural Norms

Folkways are norms that distinguish between right and rude behavior, while mores are norms that distinguish between right and wrong behavior with structural sanctions.

Ethnocentrism is the practice of evaluating another culture from the perspective of one's own culture, often leading to a biased or narrow view of other cultures.

A subculture is a group within a dominant culture that shares similar values and norms, while a counter culture is a group that rejects the norms of the dominant culture and often exists in opposition to it.

The 'looking glass' concept refers to the way in which we use the reactions of others to form our own sense of self and identity.

Socialization is the process by which we learn and become immersed in culture, and it plays a crucial role in shaping our cultural identity through language, traditions, heritage, and media.

Cultural relativism is the practice of analyzing another culture in terms of its own values and norms, without judgment or bias, and it is the opposite of ethnocentrism.

Core identity refers to the alignment of one's self-concept with their actions and behaviors. If they do not align, one has to either change themselves or change their self-concept, accepting that they may not be good at a particular thing.

The two selves are the 'I' (subject) and the 'Me' (object). The 'I' sees the self as the doer, while the 'Me' sees the self as an object being acted upon.

Socialization is the process of learning and internalizing societal norms and values, which are passed down through generations, influencing our understanding of who we are.

The three forms of play are imitation, free play, and organized games. These forms of play allow individuals to model behaviors, take on roles, and learn rules and norms, facilitating socialization.

Resocialization is the process of altering or transforming an individual's sociolized identities, often in a total institution, whereas socialization is the initial process of learning and internalizing societal norms and values.

The two ways to fit into society are through status, which is a label that gets applied to an individual, and role, which is a position or part that an individual plays. Both status and role influence our sense of self and how others interact with us.