Sociology Chapter 10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a racial group?

Group set apart from others because of obvious physical differences.

What defines an ethnic group?

Group set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.

What is a minority group?

Subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives.

What does the term color line refer to?

Racial segregation after the abolishment of slavery. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stereotype?

Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences. Signup and view all the answers

What is prejudice?

Negative attitude toward an entire category of people. Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnocentrism?

Tendency to assume one's culture and way of life are superior to others. Signup and view all the answers

What is racism?

Belief that one race is superior and others are innately inferior. Signup and view all the answers

What is discrimination?

Denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias. Signup and view all the answers

What is genocide?

Deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. Signup and view all the answers

What does expulsion mean?

The act of driving out or expelling. Signup and view all the answers

What is amalgamation?

Occurs when majority group and minority group combine to form a new group. Signup and view all the answers

What is assimilation?

Process through which a person forsakes his or her cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is segregation?

Physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, education, and social events. Signup and view all the answers

What is pluralism?

Based on mutual respect among various groups in a society for one another's cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five properties of minority groups?

<ol> <li>Unequal treatment 2. Distinguishing physical or cultural characteristics 3. Involuntary membership 4. Strong sense of group solidarity 5. In-group marriage.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Who was W.E.B. DuBois?

A Black sociologist that conducted research in hopes of assisting in the struggle for racial equality. Signup and view all the answers

What did W.E.B. DuBois predict to be the foremost problem of the 20th century?

The color line. Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about the African-American population in the demographics from 1500-2100?

The rate of the African American population stayed the same, neither increased nor decreased. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Sonia Sotomayor?

Justice Sonia Sotomayor, U.S. Supreme Court, 2009 - present. Signup and view all the answers

What functions do racially prejudiced beliefs provide to the dominant group according to Manning Nash?

<ol> <li>Discourage subordinate groups from questioning their status 2. Suggest that any major social change would bring greater poverty to the minority 3. Moral justification for maintaining unequal society.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four dysfunctions associated with racism as identified by Arnold Rose?

<ol> <li>Society that practices discrimination fails to use resources of all individuals. 2. Discrimination aggravates social problems. 3. Society must invest time and money to defend barriers to full participation. 4. Racial prejudice undercuts goodwill and diplomatic relations between nations.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Under which perspective does the 'Exploitation Theory' belong and what is it?

Conflict Theory; Racism keeps minorities in low-paying jobs and supplies the dominant group with cheap labor. Signup and view all the answers

Under which perspective does the 'Contact Hypothesis' belong and what is it?

Interactionist Perspective; Interracial contact between people of equal status in cooperative circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of amalgamation?

Spaniards and Native Indians (Aztecs/Incas) in Mexico beginning in the 1500's. Signup and view all the answers

Which country exemplifies a pluralistic state, and what makes that possible?

Switzerland; Absence of both a national language and a dominant religion leads to tolerance for cultural diversity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two extreme forms of intergroup relations?

Genocide and Expulsion. Signup and view all the answers

Why were Japanese Americans forced into internment camps in 1943?

In response to World War II. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most diverse racial group?

Asian American. Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Congress enact the Chinese Exclusion Act?

<ol start="1882"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest minority group in the U.S.?

Hispanic. Signup and view all the answers

Which group represents the largest proportion of the U.S. Latino population?

Mexican Americans. Signup and view all the answers

Which group is the second largest proportion of the U.S. Latino population?

Residents of Puerto Rico. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Racial and Ethnic Groups

Racial group: Defined by obvious physical differences, distinguishing members from others.
Ethnic group: Identified by national origin or unique cultural patterns.
Minority group: Subordinate group with limited power and control over their lives.

Stereotypes and Prejudice

Color line: Refers to racial segregation that persisted post-slavery.
Stereotype: Overgeneralized beliefs about a group, neglecting individual differences.
Prejudice: Hostile attitude directed toward an entire group.
Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one's own culture.

Discrimination and Violence

Racism: Belief in racial superiority and inferiority.
Discrimination: Denial of rights and opportunities based on arbitrary biases.
Genocide: Intentional destruction of a group, exemplified by the Holocaust.
Expulsion: Forcible removal of a group, representing extreme prejudice.

Amalgamation: Creation of a new group through the blending of majority and minority groups.
Assimilation: Process where individuals adopt the cultural norms of a dominant group, potentially erasing personal identity.
Segregation: Physical and social separation of groups, often imposed by the dominant group.
Pluralism: Mutual respect for diverse cultures within a society, striving for coexistence.

Characteristics and Historical Context

Minority groups possess properties such as unequal treatment and distinguishing traits, with membership often involuntary.
W.E.B. Du Bois emphasized the importance of knowledge in fighting prejudice and predicted "the color line" as a central issue of the 20th century.
The African American population has remained statistically stable over recent decades.

Prominent Figures

Sonia Sotomayor: U.S. Supreme Court Justice since 2009, notable for her judicial contributions.
Manning Nash: Identified three functions of racial prejudice to maintain social order and justify inequality.
Arnold Rose: Highlighted four dysfunctions arising from racism, affecting social resources and international relations.

Theoretical Perspectives

Exploitation Theory: Part of Conflict Theory, suggests racism keeps minorities in low wages, benefiting the dominant group.
Contact Hypothesis: Within Interactionist Perspective, asserts equal-status contact reduces prejudice and stereotypes.

Historical Events and Statistics

Example of amalgamation seen in the mixing of Spaniards and Native Indians in Mexico.
Switzerland exemplifies a pluralistic state, lacking a national language and dominant religion.
Internment of Japanese Americans: Forced relocation of 113,000 individuals during WWII.
Diversity: Asian Americans represent the most racially diverse group in the U.S.
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): Legislation that halted Chinese immigration.
Largest U.S. minority group: Hispanic, with Mexican Americans comprising the largest Latino demographic, followed by Puerto Ricans.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts from Sociology Chapter 10. This quiz covers important definitions related to racial and ethnic groups, minority groups, and the color line. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these sociological terms.