Sociology Chapter 1 Quiz

Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology

• Sociological sympathy: Understanding others from their perspective. Example: observing a dance party.
• Sociological imagination: Distinguishing individual problems from societal issues.
• Harriet Martineau: Authored the first sociological research methodology book, "How to Observe Morals and Manners."
• W.E.B. Du Bois: Introduced quantitative research methods, emphasizing statistics to understand complex social issues, notably racial inequality in the USA.
• Emile Durkheim: Coined the term "social facts."
• Social facts: Products of human interaction with persuasive or coercive power, existing independently of individuals. Example: shaking hands as a greeting.
• In-depth interviews: Research method involving detailed conversations between researcher and subject, exploring a person's social experience.
• Experimental research: Testing hypotheses in controlled conditions.

Chapter 2: Building Blocks of Social Interaction

• Self-narrative: Personal stories outlining origins and future.
• Looking-Glass self (Cooley): Self-concept developed through interactions and perceptions of others.
• Self-concept: Collection of thoughts, feelings, and evaluations about oneself.
• Self-awareness: Understanding the self as separate from others, recognizing thoughts and feelings.
• I/Me (Mead): Differentiation between the "I" (subjective aspect of self) and "me" (objective aspect, observed by others.
• Social learning: Acquiring knowledge and practices through observation, instruction, or rewards/punishments. Example: learning to greet by observation.
• Culture-as-value: Values and morals influencing feelings about right and wrong.
• Socialization: Learning to become a member of a culture.
• Culture-as-rationale: Justifying actions through culturally relevant arguments.

Chapter 3: Understanding Social Inequality

• Intersectionality (Crenshaw): Recognition that multiple identities (race, gender, etc.) shape experiences.

• Examples of intersectionality: Black women facing unique challenges in employment or social life.

• Blood quantum rule: Defining indigenous groups based on blood ancestry.

• One-drop rule: Defining racial identity, primarily for Black individuals.

• Kimberlé Crenshaw: Introduced the concept of intersectionality.

• Controlling images: Stereotypes that uphold social inequality. Example: stereotypes about Black women.

• Cultural competence: Adaptability and awareness in navigating multiple cultures.

• Social identities: Forming social groups based on shared characteristics and identities. Example: belonging to a particular social group.

• Status elites: People with high social standing and influence.

• Prejudice: Biased attitudes toward individuals based on group membership. Example: racial prejudice.

• Content analysis: Analyzing media to understand underlying themes or patterns.

• Computational sociology: Using computers to analyze social data more easily.

• Status beliefs: Shared beliefs that one group is more competent than another. Example: racial stereotypes.