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Questions and Answers
What is a set of assumptions accepted as true by its advocates?
What is a set of assumptions accepted as true by its advocates?
What theoretical perspective emphasizes conflict, competition, change, and constraint within a society?
What theoretical perspective emphasizes conflict, competition, change, and constraint within a society?
Conflict Theory
What is defined as an unintended and unrecognized consequence of some element of a society?
What is defined as an unintended and unrecognized consequence of some element of a society?
Latent Function
What term is used for the ways people attempt to create a favorable evaluation of themselves in the minds of others?
What term is used for the ways people attempt to create a favorable evaluation of themselves in the minds of others?
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What is the study of social change called?
What is the study of social change called?
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What method involves understanding the behavior of others by putting oneself mentally in another's place?
What method involves understanding the behavior of others by putting oneself mentally in another's place?
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What term refers to patterned, recurring social relationships?
What term refers to patterned, recurring social relationships?
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What is the scientific study of social structure?
What is the scientific study of social structure?
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What term describes the use of observation, experimentation, and other methods of the physical sciences in the study of social life?
What term describes the use of observation, experimentation, and other methods of the physical sciences in the study of social life?
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What do we call something that stands for or represents something else?
What do we call something that stands for or represents something else?
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What is the idea that the nature of a society is based on the society's economy?
What is the idea that the nature of a society is based on the society's economy?
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What term describes social unity based on a consensus of values and norms, strong social pressure for conformity, and dependence on tradition and family?
What term describes social unity based on a consensus of values and norms, strong social pressure for conformity, and dependence on tradition and family?
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What assumption do functionalists hold regarding a society's structure over time?
What assumption do functionalists hold regarding a society's structure over time?
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Who are the members of industrial society that own the means for producing wealth?
Who are the members of industrial society that own the means for producing wealth?
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What level of analysis focuses on relationships between social structures without reference to the interaction of the people involved?
What level of analysis focuses on relationships between social structures without reference to the interaction of the people involved?
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What theoretical perspective denies the existence of objective truth?
What theoretical perspective denies the existence of objective truth?
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What feminist social theory traces the oppression of women to societal domination by men?
What feminist social theory traces the oppression of women to societal domination by men?
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Microsociology focuses on the relationships between social structures without reference to the interaction of the people involved.
Microsociology focuses on the relationships between social structures without reference to the interaction of the people involved.
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W.E.B. Du Bois focused only on the American race question.
W.E.B. Du Bois focused only on the American race question.
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____ explanations of group behavior are inadequate because human activities are influenced by social forces that individuals have not created and cannot control.
____ explanations of group behavior are inadequate because human activities are influenced by social forces that individuals have not created and cannot control.
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According to Durkheim, the United States is a social order based on ___ solidarity.
According to Durkheim, the United States is a social order based on ___ solidarity.
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The ____ is the set of mind that enables individuals to see the relationship between events in their personal lives and events in their society.
The ____ is the set of mind that enables individuals to see the relationship between events in their personal lives and events in their society.
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A ____ perspective is a set of assumptions accepted as true by its advocates.
A ____ perspective is a set of assumptions accepted as true by its advocates.
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What term describes the universality of the nuclear family?
What term describes the universality of the nuclear family?
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What is the study of the effects of early marriage on divorce called?
What is the study of the effects of early marriage on divorce called?
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What effects does slavery have on family stability?
What effects does slavery have on family stability?
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What is the relationship between voting and the family studied within?
What is the relationship between voting and the family studied within?
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What impacts the distribution of income and the family?
What impacts the distribution of income and the family?
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What links early childhood emotional support with familial retardation?
What links early childhood emotional support with familial retardation?
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What role does religion play in holding a society together morally?
What role does religion play in holding a society together morally?
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What theory posits that symbols are crucial to social life?
What theory posits that symbols are crucial to social life?
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What describes the relationship where a change in the economy leads to a change in family structure?
What describes the relationship where a change in the economy leads to a change in family structure?
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What is the theory that asserts many elements of a society exist to benefit the powerful?
What is the theory that asserts many elements of a society exist to benefit the powerful?
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What theory emphasizes that social life should be understood from the viewpoint of the individuals involved?
What theory emphasizes that social life should be understood from the viewpoint of the individuals involved?
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What theory posits that social change is constantly occurring?
What theory posits that social change is constantly occurring?
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What term describes the concept of equality of opportunity?
What term describes the concept of equality of opportunity?
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What concept refers to male dominance in society?
What concept refers to male dominance in society?
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What theory analyzes the relationship between capitalism and patriarchy?
What theory analyzes the relationship between capitalism and patriarchy?
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Which of the following is not one of the uses of the sociological imagination?
Which of the following is not one of the uses of the sociological imagination?
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Which sociologist contended that social change leads to progress, provided that people do not interfere?
Which sociologist contended that social change leads to progress, provided that people do not interfere?
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Study Notes
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
- Theoretical Perspective: A framework of assumptions regarded as true by its proponents, guiding analysis and understanding of society.
- Conflict Theory: Emphasizes societal conflict, competition, and change, highlighting struggles for power and resources.
- Symbol: Represents ideas and concepts, integral to social interactions and communication.
Social Functions and Structures
- Latent Function: Unintended and unrecognized consequences resulting from social structures or elements.
- Social Structure: The organized pattern of social relationships and institutions that compose a society.
- Presentation of Self: Methods individuals use to craft favorable impressions of themselves to others.
Sociological Concepts
- Sociology: The scientific examination of social structures, relationships, and behaviors.
- Verstehen: The interpretative method of understanding others' actions by empathizing with their perspective.
- Dynamic Equilibrium: The idea that societies evolve while preserving core structures over time.
Types of Solidarity
- Mechanical Solidarity: Social unity based on shared values, norms, and strong conformity, often seen in traditional societies.
- Organic Solidarity: Social cohesion based on the interdependence of individuals in more complex, modern societies.
Levels of Analysis
- Macrosociology: An analytical approach focusing on the broader social structures while excluding individual interactions.
- Microsociology: Study of small-scale interactions and their implications for larger social structures, often involving personal relationships.
Feminist Theories
- Radical Feminism: Identifies male dominance as a root cause of women’s oppression in society, advocating for fundamental societal change.
- Liberal Feminism: Focuses on achieving equality of opportunity within current structures and systems.
Social Change and Forces
- Economic Determinism: The principle that a society's economy is the fundamental basis for its structure and relationships.
- Conflict Theory Perspective on Social Change: Asserts that societal change is inherent and often driven by the interests of powerful groups.
Sociological Imagination
- Sociological Imagination: The ability to connect personal experiences with larger social phenomena, fostering deeper understanding of societal influences.
Distinguishing Disciplines
-
Sociology vs. Other Social Sciences: Each discipline focuses on unique aspects of society; for instance:
- Anthropology: Studies cultural universals like the nuclear family.
- Political Science: Examines familial impacts on voting behavior.
- Psychology: Investigates emotional support in early childhood and family dynamics.
Key Theorists and Concepts
- Spencer: Argued that social change can lead to progress if not hindered by human intervention.
- Functionalism: Addresses how various elements of society contribute to overall stability; religion plays a crucial role in moral cohesion.
Social Issues and Impacts
- Capitalism and Family Structure: Explores how economic changes influence family dynamics.
- Effects of Early Marriage: Analyzes divorce rates and family stability implications.
- Role of Slavery: Investigates historical impacts on family structures and stability.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 1 of Sociology. This quiz features flashcards that cover theoretical perspectives, including conflict theory and latent functions. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of sociological frameworks.
