Sociology Chapter 1 Flashcards
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Sociology Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?

  • Study of cultural traditions
  • Study of society and social interaction (correct)
  • Study of economic systems
  • Study of individual behavior
  • Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological ________ to study how society affects individuals.

    imagination

    A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who:

    interact

    Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to:

    <p>identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is figuration?

    <p>the process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sociological imagination?

    <p>the ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology?

    <p>Economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?

    <p>Karl Marx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The difference between positivism and antipositivism relates to:

    <p>whether sociological studies can predict or improve society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which would a quantitative sociologist use to gather data?

    <p>A large survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by:

    <p>their culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is antipositivism?

    <p>the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positivism?

    <p>the scientific study of social patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is qualitative sociology?

    <p>in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is quantitative sociology?

    <p>statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does verstehen mean?

    <p>a German word that means to understand in a deep way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level?

    <p>Symbolic interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle?

    <p>Karl Marx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism?

    <p>Herbert Blumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to:

    <p>Theatrical roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?

    <p>Participant observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conflict theory?

    <p>a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dramaturgical analysis?

    <p>a technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>a stable state in which all parts of a healthy society are working together properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dysfunctions?

    <p>social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is function in sociology?

    <p>the part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to structural continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is functionalism?

    <p>a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are grand theories?

    <p>attempts to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are latent functions?

    <p>the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is macro-level?

    <p>a wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are manifest functions?

    <p>sought consequences of a social process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are micro-level theories?

    <p>the study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are paradigms?

    <p>philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are social facts?

    <p>the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social solidarity?

    <p>the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is symbolic interactionism?

    <p>a theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is theory in sociology?

    <p>a proposed explanation about social interactions or society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Concepts in Sociology

    • Sociology: The systematic study of society and social interactions, focusing on patterns of behavior and structure.
    • Sociological Imagination: The ability to see how personal experiences relate to societal structures and history, as defined by Wright Mills.
    • Society: Defined as a group of people residing in a specific area, sharing a culture, and interacting with one another.

    Sociological Perspectives

    • Symbolic Interactionism: Examines micro-level social interactions, comparing social behaviors to theatrical roles; emphasizes communication through language and symbols.
    • Conflict Theory: Views society as a struggle for limited resources, with society changing due to class struggles, notably proposed by Karl Marx.
    • Functionalism: A macro-level approach that sees society as a system of interrelated parts, each fulfilling functions to maintain societal stability.

    Research Methodologies

    • Quantitative Sociology: Utilizes statistical methods, such as large surveys, to gather numerical data.
    • Qualitative Sociology: Involves in-depth interviews, focus groups, and content analysis for more nuanced understanding of social phenomena.
    • Antipositivism: Advocates for subjective interpretation in research to capture social processes and cultural norms.

    Important Theories and Terms

    • Dramaturgical Analysis: A concept that views social interactions as performances, emphasizing the roles individuals play.
    • Dynamic Equilibrium: A state of balance where all parts of a society work together effectively.
    • Dysfunctions: Negative consequences that disrupt social order.
    • Manifest vs. Latent Functions: Manifest functions are intended and recognized outcomes of social processes, while latent functions are unintended and unrecognized consequences.

    Historical Context and Contributions

    • Early Sociology Topics: Included the study of economics, shaping foundational sociological theories.
    • Key Theorists:
      • Karl Marx: Emphasized class struggle as a driving force in societal change.
      • Herbert Blumer: Coined the term "symbolic interactionism" and focused on the importance of individual interactions.
      • Emile Durkheim: Known for his work on social facts and the importance of social solidarity.

    Additional Concepts

    • Social Facts: Laws, morals, and values that shape societal behavior.
    • Social Solidarity: The social ties binding individuals in a community, based on kinship, location, or shared beliefs.
    • Paradigms: Theoretical frameworks within sociology that guide research and theory development.

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    Test your understanding of key concepts in sociology with these flashcards from Chapter 1. Each card poses a question about the fundamental elements of sociology and social interaction. Perfect for quick study and review!

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