19 Questions
According to Auguste Comte, what did he believe should be used to predict and control human behavior?
Sociology
Which term did Émile Durkheim use to refer to the social cohesion that functions as an integrated whole?
Organic solidarity
What did Herbert Spencer compare to a human body in the context of society?
Mechanical solidarity
In the context of the social sciences, what does a deterministic framework suggest?
Individuals are largely influenced by their birth circumstances
What did Auguste Comte invent the word 'sociology' to describe?
The scientific study of human behavior and society
Match the sociological concept with its description:
Mechanical solidarity = A type of social cohesion based on similarity and shared values in traditional societies Organic solidarity = A type of social cohesion based on interdependence and specialization in modern societies Deterministic framework = Suggests that an individual's life outcomes are largely influenced by the circumstances of their birth Scientific method in sociology = Application of empirical and systematic research to the study of human behavior and society
Match the sociological theorist with their key ideas:
Auguste Comte = Believed that sociology should be used to predict and control human behavior Herbert Spencer = Advocated for studying social facts as independent parts, comparable to a human body Émile Durkheim = Distinguished between mechanical and organic solidarity in societies
Match the social science concept with its proponent:
Social physics = Auguste Comte's initial term for the scientific study of social life modeled after physics Determinism = Suggests that an individual's life outcomes are largely influenced by the circumstances of their birth Study of social facts as things = Concept advocated by Herbert Spencer Organic solidarity = Type of social cohesion emphasized by Émile Durkheim
Match the concept with its implication for individuals:
Mechanical solidarity = Leads to individuals being tightly bound by tradition and collective consciousness Organic solidarity = Leads to individuals having specialized roles and interdependence in modern societies Deterministic framework = Suggests limited individual agency due to external influences Scientific method in sociology = Allows for systematic study and understanding of human behavior within society
Match the key idea with its proponent:
Auguste Comte = Invented the word 'sociology' to describe the discipline he wished to establish Herbert Spencer = Advocated for studying society as having independent parts, comparable to a human body Émile Durkheim = Differentiated between mechanical and organic solidarity in societies
Match the sociological concept with its description:
Sociological imagination = The application of imaginative thought to the asking and answering of sociological questions Social construction = An idea or practice that a group of people agree exists and is maintained over time by people taking its existence for granted Personal troubles = Private problems experienced by one individual and the nature of their close relationships with others Public issues = Problems that are socially rather than personally based, outside the purview of an individual's inner existence
Match the sociological concept with its implication for individuals:
Sociological imagination = Thinking oneself away from familiar routines of daily life Social construction = Inability to change inevitable things due to their perceived naturalness and stability Personal troubles = Private problems experienced by one individual and their close relationships with others Public issues = Problems that affect the bigger group rather than just one individual
Match the key idea with its proponent:
Herbert Spencer = Social cohesion that functions as an integrated whole Auguste Comte = Inventing the word 'sociology' to describe a new science of society Émile Durkheim = Referring to the social cohesion that functions as an integrated whole Karl Marx = The idea that society is divided into those who own the means of production and those who do not
Match the social science concept with its proponent:
Herbert Spencer = Social Darwinism Auguste Comte = Positivism Émile Durkheim = Social solidarity Karl Marx = Conflict theory
Match the sociological theorist with their key ideas:
Herbert Spencer = Comparing society to a human body in terms of structure and function Auguste Comte = Belief in using scientific methods to predict and control human behavior Émile Durkheim = Concept of social facts and collective conscience Karl Marx = Division of society into owners of means of production and laborers
Match the sociological theorist with their key ideas:
Auguste Comte = Believed that the scientific study of social life should model itself after physics; initially, he called it social physics Herbert Spencer = Compared study of social facts to things, like a human body society also has a set of independent parts each of which could be studied separately Émile Durkheim = Introduced the concept of mechanical solidarity vs. organic solidarity
Match the social science concept with its proponent:
Deterministic framework = Émile Durkheim Social order = Not mentioned directly in the given text Sociological imagination = Not mentioned directly in the given text Scientific study of social life modeling after physics = Auguste Comte
Match the concept with its implication for individuals:
Mechanical solidarity vs. organic solidarity = Impacts the way individuals relate and interact within society Deterministic framework = Suggests that an individual's life outcomes are largely influenced, if not entirely dictated, by the circumstances of their birth Social order = Not mentioned directly in the given text Sociological imagination = Pushes individuals to see their lives as quite determined by their social roles, gender, race, and class
Match the key idea with its proponent:
Émile Durkheim = Referring to social cohesion as organic solidarity Auguste Comte = Invented the word 'sociology' to describe the discipline he wished to establish Herbert Spencer = Study social facts as things; compared society to a human body with independent parts
Test your understanding of the sociological imagination concept, which involves applying imaginative thought to sociological questions and thinking beyond the familiar routines of daily life. Explore how individual troubles are connected to broader social issues, based on the ideas presented by Mills in 1959.
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