46 Questions
Which aspect of self-perceived health considers an individual's perception of their mental and emotional well-being?
Mental Health
What does the social dimension of self-perceived health encompass?
Aspects of social integration and support
What does the use of narrative in assessing self-perceived health involve?
Allowing individuals to express their own feelings, beliefs, and experiences regarding their health
What is the widely accepted definition of health according to the National Aboriginal Health Strategy in Australia?
Health refers to the social, emotional, spiritual and cultural well-being of the whole community.
According to the 1948 definition, health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but rather:
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
How is First Nations health and well-being understood in the broadest cultural perception?
As the total health of the total person within the total environment.
What does the Indigenous definition of health encompass?
Social, emotional, spiritual and cultural well-being of the whole community.
Which model of health emphasizes environmental viability, ecological sustainability, and urban livability?
Model of Community Health
What does the Biopsychosocial Model consider in relation to health?
The role of the mind and society in health
What do health determinant indicators measure?
Factors that influence health
What are traditional risks to health mentioned in the text?
Nutritional deficiencies and perinatal causes
What is the focus of Environmental health indicators?
Expressions of the link between environment and health.
What do social determinants of health include?
Origins of proximal determinants.
What are modern risks to health mentioned in the text?
Cancer and heart disease.
What do cultural framework models recognize as important for personal and community wellness?
Language and culture.
What is crucial for understanding and addressing health issues according to the text?
Health indicators.
What led to increased disease and mortality in North America starting in the 17th and 18th centuries according to the text?
Population growth, changes in lifestyle, and resource depletion.
Which model focuses on the physical aspects of disease?
Biomedical Model
Which of the following is a distal determinant of poverty and deleterious physical environments?
Colonialism
What were the two main goals of the Lalonde Report presented in 1974?
Improve the health care system and prevent health problems
What did the Lalonde Report emphasize in relation to lifestyle and its effect on health?
Stressed that lifestyle and personal choices affect health
What did the Lalonde Report pioneer in recognizing?
Differences in health among people
What is the purpose of using health indicators?
Simplify and represent data, make accessible, predict, warn
What are potential uses of environmental health indicators?
Compliance Indicator: assess current conditions, Change Indicator: document trends, Early Warning Indicator: anticipate hazardous conditions, Diagnostic: identify causative agents
What does an objective measurement describe?
A characteristic in terms of a numerical value expressed in some units of measurement
What does self-perceived health refer to?
An individual's subjective assessment or evaluation of their own health status based on their perception and judgment
What is a qualitative measurement characterized by?
Describing the attribute of a characteristic by classifying it into categories without numerical values attached to it.
What is an example of an environmental health indicator?
Drinking water quality
Which type of indicator assesses current conditions and documents trends?
Change Indicator
What is the inclusive concept of the total person's health?
Body, mind, heart, and spirit
What is essential for human health and well-being according to environmental requirements?
Clean air, safe water, and adequate food
What affects 99% of the world population and leads to 6.7 million premature deaths annually?
Air pollution
What organization promotes environmental health and protection in Australia?
Institute of Environmental Health (Australia)
What does environmental health focus on in relation to human health?
'Demics' such as epidemics, pandemics, and syndemics
What percentage of Inuit households in Nunavut are affected by food insecurity?
99
What percentage of Inuit households in Nunatsiavut experience housing insecurity?
61%
What is the estimated percentage of global disease burden contributed by the environment in 2016?
24%
What is Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) a measure of?
Years of life lost to premature death
What percentage of all deaths in 2016 were caused by environment-related diseases?
23%
Which vulnerable group is mentioned as historically exposed to disease and challenged housing conditions?
Indigenous populations
What does inadequate and overcrowded housing link to?
Low income
Which environmental health issue is mentioned as contributing to the global disease burden?
Loss of biodiversity
What does living in insecure housing increase vulnerability to?
Natural disasters and their health impacts
What does Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) measure?
Years lived with a disability or illness
What does overcrowded housing allow for?
Spread of infectious diseases
Which vulnerable group has reduced access to resources, support, and opportunities?
Disabled people
Study Notes
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Total health: all aspects and components of health and well-being are interconnected, including the total person, environment, and cultural factors.
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Total Person: inclusive of body, mind, heart, and spirit.
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Healthy behavior and lifestyle, mental function, cultural continuity, connection to culture, home life, community life, and extended family connection, spiritually as a First Nations person.
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Total Environment: healthy connection and relationship with the living environment, including the land, natural environment, and cultural environment.
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Environmental health: protection against environmental factors that impact human health or the ecological essential to long-term human health and environmental quality.
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Environmental health is about making sure our surroundings support our well-being, including clean air, safe water, adequate food, and a healthy physical, biological, social, and cultural environment.
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Environmental health problems: 'demics' such as epidemics, pandemics, and syndemics, can affect human populations and have serious health consequences.
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Environmental requirements for life: clean air, safe and sufficient water, and adequate food are essential for human health and well-being.
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Air pollution: affects 99% of the world population, leading to 6.7 million premature deaths annually.
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Water pollution: affects less than 1.7 billion people, with 28 long-term drinking water advisories in 26 First Nations reserve communities.
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Food insecurity: affects 70% of Inuit households in Nunavut and 47% of all First Nations on reserve households, increasing the risk of foodborne illness and other health problems.
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Environmental health practices: improving and preserving residential and industrial hygienic environments, applying preventive science and practice, and educating the public about environmental health and safety.
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Environmental health organizations: National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) and the Institute of Environmental Health (Australia) promote environmental health and protection.
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Inuit households in Nunatsiavut and Nunavik: 61% and 78% experience housing insecurity
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In some Inuit communities, up to 83% of households face insecurity
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Inadequate and overcrowded housing is linked to low income, uncertain employment, and poor health
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Poor housing conditions allow for the spread of infectious diseases
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Living in insecure housing increases vulnerability to natural disasters and their health impacts
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Environment contributes significantly to global disease burden, estimated to be 24% of total in 2016
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Vulnerable groups are more susceptible to environmental health risks:
- Children: higher metabolic rate, less mobile, less independent, and more susceptible to disease and long-term impacts
- Women: fewer resources, higher likelihood of poverty and disease, and increased exposure due to family roles
- Elderly: more susceptible to disease for social, economic, and physiological reasons
- Disabled people: less access to resources, support, and opportunities, and more likely to take riskier jobs
- Indigenous populations: historical exposure to disease, challenged housing conditions, and reduced access to health services
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Environmental health issues include air pollutants, climate change, hazardous chemicals, and loss of biodiversity
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Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a measure of health impact, combining years of life lost to premature death and years lived with a disability or illness
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In 2016, 23% of all deaths were caused by environment-related diseases, with 13% being specific to Canada.
Test your knowledge on the impact of socio-ecological transition on Indigenous health, including the growth of populations, lifestyle changes, and the development of disease 'pools' in North America. Explore traditional and modern health risks faced by Indigenous communities.
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