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Questions and Answers
Which perspective views society as an artifact created by individuals to meet their needs?
What does the Marxist perspective primarily focus on?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an important socio-economic development?
What is the primary focus of political science disciplines as listed?
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Which development is characterized by a shift towards the service sector?
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Which of these societal divisions is mentioned as influencing political consequences?
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Which of the following characterizes a society according to the provided content?
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What type of changes do technological advancements contribute to in society?
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What is one characteristic of the 'precariat' class?
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According to post-industrialism, what has happened to the working class?
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What does the term 'individualisation' refer to in the context of post-industrialization?
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What was one cause of declining political involvement according to 'Bowling Alone'?
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How does 'identity politics' aim to influence society?
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What does race primarily represent in a societal context?
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What is one impact of secularization in the Netherlands, particularly by the 1960s?
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What is a common misconception regarding the 'contented majority'?
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What does the elite values model assume about journalists?
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How do traditional media impact democracy according to the outlined concepts?
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What is a negative aspect of social media on politics and democracy?
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According to the market model, how does the media operate?
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What condition is necessary for traditional media to effectively hold power accountable?
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What is one of the positive contributions of social media to politics?
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What concern arises from the influence of big technology corporations on social media?
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What topic is not likely to be covered in a roundtable discussion about media and politics?
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What major issues has postmaterialism raised in politics?
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What is meant by 'political culture'?
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According to the pluralistic model, how is the media viewed in relation to politics?
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What does the Marxist approach suggest about the relationship between politics and culture?
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What aspect of identity politics has led to political polarization?
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What was the concept of 'false consciousness' associated with?
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In the context of media, what does Chomsky's concept of 'manufactured consent' imply?
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Which model perceives media as a strong influencer of elite values?
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What is the primary focus of intersectionality?
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How does the concept of gender differ from biological sex?
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Which of the following factors has NOT historically contributed to ethnic and religious cleavages?
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What has been a recent emphasis in the debate on multiculturalism?
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Which statement best summarizes the approach of bell hooks towards feminism?
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What defines someone as cis-gender?
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Which quote reflects the belief that gender is socially constructed?
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Which event inspired a long history of anti-racist politics?
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What is a common misconception about multiculturalism?
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What aspect of LGBTQIA+ rights is increasingly recognized in feminist movements?
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Study Notes
Society and Politics
- Society is a group of people living in a specific territory, characterized by patterns of interaction and social divisions.
- Different perspectives on society exist:
- Liberal: emphasizes individual needs and harmony between competing interests.
- Conservative: views society as organically grown and stable.
- Marxist: highlights class struggles as the driving force of societal development.
- Important socio-economic developments that impact society include industrialization, post-industrialism, technological change, individualization, and migration.
- Social divisions, such as class, religion, race/ethnicity, gender, and location influence political outcomes.
Political Consequences of Changing Societal Divisions
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Class: Industrialization created a large working class; post-industrialism fragmented the working class.
- Some scholars argue that a "contented majority" exists alongside a "precariat" of individuals who lack material prosperity and security.
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Religion: While religion was once a strong factor in politics (e.g., the Netherlands), its influence has declined in some societies.
- However, religion remains politically relevant in many countries.
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Individualization: Emphasizing individual rights, this phenomenon can have both positive and negative consequences.
- Can lead to selfishness and a decline in social cohesion.
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Identity Politics: Focuses on fighting oppression against certain groups and promoting self-affirmation.
- Addresses stereotypes and values established by dominant groups.
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Race/Ethnicity: These social constructs are used to group people based on physical traits and cultural characteristics, respectively.
- Racism has a long history, intertwined with colonialism and imperialism.
- Anti-racism is inspired by postcolonialism and the Civil Rights Movement.
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Migration & Diversity: Multicultural societies continue to grapple with social integration and the limits of multiculturalism.
- Some argue for restrictions on immigration and prioritize personal responsibility over welfare.
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Gender: Gender is a social construct, not determined by biology.
- Political mobilisation around women's rights has a long history.
- Intersectional Feminism: Examines the interconnected nature of social categorizations, such as race, class, and gender, and their impact on discrimination.
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LGBTQIA+: This group experiences oppression due to their non-heterosexual and non-cisgender identities.
- Years of LGBTQ rights mobilization have contributed to societal progress.
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Postmaterialism: The idea that economic issues take a backseat to "quality of life" concerns like women's rights, LGBTQ rights, and environmental protection.
- However, some argue that these issues remain interconnected with material conditions.
Political Culture and Media
- Political culture refers to the pattern of orientations towards political objects, expressed through beliefs, symbols, and values.
- Civic culture theory emphasizes the importance of specific political attitudes for ensuring healthy democracies.
- Marxist perspectives see political culture as influenced by power structures and economic relations.
Media and Politics
- The relationship between media and politics is complex and multifaceted.
- Different models of the media's role in society exist:
- Pluralistic Model: Media as a marketplace of ideas where various perspectives are presented.
- Dominant Ideology Model: Media reproduces capitalist hegemony through ownership, advertising, and legal pressures.
- Elite Values Model: Bias stems from the disproportionate representation of certain groups among senior journalists and editors.
- Market Model: Media reflects public preferences rather than shaping them, driven by ratings and market share.
Traditional Media's Impact on Democracy
- Serves as a forum for debate and a watchdog for public accountability.
- Independence from state and major players is crucial for media's effectiveness.
- Can contribute to the personalization of leadership.
Social Media's Impact on Politics
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Positive:
- Provides access to information and news.
- Facilitates online activism and protest organization.
- Serves as an alternative source of information in the absence of free media.
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Negative:
- Can be polarizing and spread hate speech.
- Concentrates power in the hands of large technology corporations.
- Contributes to the spread of misinformation and anti-intellectualism.
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Description
Explore the diverse perspectives on society and their political consequences in this quiz. Delve into concepts such as class struggles, social divisions, and socio-economic developments like industrialization and migration. Test your knowledge of how these elements shape our political landscape.
