Societies and Their Structures

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Questions and Answers

Why did early humans form societies? (Select all that apply)

  • Division of Labor (correct)
  • Shared Values and Norms (correct)
  • Social Contracts (correct)
  • Cooperation and Collaboration (correct)
  • Survival (correct)

In agrarian societies, social structures often emphasize individual achievement and competition.

False (B)

Which of the following social structures are characterized by a focus on manufacturing and technological innovation?

  • Industrial Societies (correct)
  • Agrarian Societies
  • Virtual Societies

Virtual societies typically have centralized, formal authority structures like governments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between how individuals are transformed by agrarian societies compared to industrial societies?

<p>In agrarian societies, individuals are primarily shaped by family and community structures, with a strong emphasis on tradition and inherited roles. In industrial societies, individuals are more shaped by individual achievement, social mobility, and the focus on technological advancement and urbanization, leading to a greater emphasis on personal growth and the development of individual skills and knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does urbanization impact social relationships in industrial societies?

<p>Urbanization leads to more anonymous relationships, as individuals interact with a greater diversity of people, leading to less personal connections and a shift in focus from community to individual achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Virtual societies offer the opportunity for individuals to express themselves more freely due to anonymity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of social systems in virtual societies?

<p>They are governed primarily by formal laws and regulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by "social capital" in the context of virtual societies?

<p>Social capital in virtual societies refers to the value and influence individuals gain through their online relationships and networks, often through likes, comments, followers, and social media engagement. It can be a form of recognition and influence within these online communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human Social Nature

Human beings naturally form societies for mutual support and fulfillment of needs.

Society Formation - Survival

Early humans formed societies to hunt, gather, and protect themselves.

Society Formation - Labor

Societies organize people into different roles for better work efficiency.

Society Formation - Values

Shared values, traditions, and norms create social order and cohesion.

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Society Formation - Cooperation

Working together for shared goals builds societies (e.g., infrastructure).

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Society Formation - Contracts

Implicit or explicit agreements about rules, laws, and governance.

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Socialization

The process of adopting societal norms and values.

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Role Expectations

Society assigns roles (e.g., gender, occupation) influencing behavior.

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Social Institutions

Schools, families, and governments shape individual development.

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Identity Formation

Society shapes personal identity (cultural, gender, class).

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Social Control

Laws, peer pressure, and rewards/punishments influence behavior.

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Agrarian Society

A society primarily based on farming and agriculture.

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Agrarian Individuality

Strong family and community ties in agrarian societies.

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Agrarian Society Structure

Hierarchal, with roles often inherited based on status.

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Industrial Society

Societies built around manufacturing and technological advances.

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Industrial Individuality

Emphasis on personal achievement and competition.

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Industrial Society Structure

Complex and stratified, with classes based on economic power.

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Virtual Society

Online communities connecting individuals globally.

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Virtual Individuality

Fluid and dynamic identities, adopting different online personas.

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Virtual Society Structure

Decentralized, lacking formal authority but governed by policies.

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Agrarian Relations

Family and kinship are central in agrarian societies.

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Industrial Relations

Workplace relations become central, often hierarchical.

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Virtual Relations

Online communities based on interests, with anonymity options.

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Study Notes

Human Beings and Their Society

  • Human beings are inherently social creatures, forming societies for survival, resource sharing, and fulfillment.
  • Societies are structured by divisions of labor, shared values, and cooperation.
  • Societies establish rules, laws, and governance to maintain order and ensure fairness.
  • Societies influence individual identities, behaviors, and values through social norms, roles and expectations, and social institutions.

Agrarian Societies

  • Agrarian societies are primarily agricultural and farming-based with strong community ties.
  • Individuality is often rooted in family and community roles.
  • Life pace is typically slower, and traditions are significant.
  • Social structure is hierarchical, with limited social mobility.

Industrial Societies

  • Industrial societies emerged with the rise of factories and mass production.
  • Emphasis on personal achievement and competition is key.
  • Social mobility is often improved through education and work.
  • Industrialization can lead to alienation from traditional communities.
  • Society becomes stratified, with diverse classes based on economic power.

Virtual Societies

  • Virtual societies are online communities connected through the internet, transcending geographical boundaries.
  • Identities can be more fluid and dynamic as individuals can adopt different personas.
  • Virtual societies often have decentralized structures lacking formal authority.
  • Anonymity and freedom of expression are common, but this can lead to challenges like cyberbullying.

Transformed Human Relations

  • Relationships in agrarian societies are often family-centric, with close community ties.
  • Industrialization brings urbanization and anonymous relationships at work.
  • Workplace relations and social stratification based on occupation and economic status shape interactions.
  • In virtual societies, online communities form based on shared interests, often transcending geographic distance.
  • Anonymity and pseudonymity impact interaction patterns, creating both potential for freer expression and issues of accountability.
  • Virtual societies utilize social media to create new social capital, although some relationships are more fleeting.

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