Socialization Process Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What research method involves researchers taking part in the social group being studied and systematically observing what occurs?

  • Debriefing
  • Participant Observation (correct)
  • Semi-structured Interviews
  • Unstructured Interviews

Which principle is NOT part of the three ethical principles that inform the development of formal research standards?

  • Privacy (correct)
  • Justice
  • Respect for persons
  • Beneficence

What does culture vary between?

  • Societies (correct)
  • Countries
  • Continents
  • People

What human ability is NOT mentioned as contributing to the creation of culture?

<p>Imagination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Qualitative Methods: Participant Observation?

<p>To experience and understand a specific community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common errors associated with casual observation?

<p>Selective Observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach do sociologists use to systematically study human behavior in social context?

<p>Positivism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the Scientific Method for Quantitative Research?

<p>Identify a theoretical idea of interest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key question a researcher focusing on housing market and eviction might ask?

<p>Do corporate landlords file more evictions than 'mom-and-pop' landlords? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error is NOT associated with casual observation?

<p>Positivism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term defines the capacity to create a complex social life by establishing generally accepted ways of doing things and ideas about what is right and wrong?

<p>Cooperation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 sub-types of norms mentioned in the text?

<p>Taboos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows humans to create concepts like 'day,' 'week,' and 'year' to describe time?

<p>Abstraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is defined as cultural statements that define what community members consider real?

<p>Beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept specifically equates to seven consecutive 24-hour periods according to the text?

<p>'Week' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conducting a survey in sociology?

<p>To learn about the whole group of interest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are experimental methods rarely used in sociology?

<p>They are not suitable for studying complex social phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a quantitative survey, what is the importance of ensuring that the sample is an identical representation of the population?

<p>To increase the generalizability of the findings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of randomization in experiments?

<p>To assign individuals to groups by chance processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a researcher use an experimental method in sociology despite its limitations?

<p>To precisely measure hypothesized causes and effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective on culture emphasizes that elements of culture contribute to social order by building social bonds and guiding people to support collective goals?

<p>Functionalist Perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical period is characterized by an eclectic mix of cultural elements, the decline of consensus around core values, and the erosion of authority?

<p>Post-Modernity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is described as the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals, along with the unintended negative consequences that result?

<p>Rationalization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who theorized that the self emerges through several stages of role-taking in social interaction with significant others?

<p>George Herbert Mead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief, taste, norms, and values that people draw on in their everyday lives called?

<p>Cultural Capital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of socialization, as described in the text?

<p>Maximizing individual needs and interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of socialization agents, which one has declined in its role over time?

<p>Families (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of peer groups to secondary socialization according to the text?

<p>Growing in importance over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of schools in socialization, beyond academic subjects?

<p>Teach cultural norms and obedience to authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the creative process by which individuals generate role expectations and performances called?

<p>Role-making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the dramaturgical model of social interaction, the expression we give refers to:

<p>Consciously intended verbal communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of performances on the back stage?

<p>Being relaxed and sincere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of network is defined as a bounded set of individuals linked by the exchange of material or emotional resources?

<p>Social network (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'nodes' refer to in social networks?

<p>Individuals, groups, or organizations connected in a network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest form of social network according to the text?

<p>Dyad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of bureaucracies according to Max Weber?

<p>Written goals, rules, and procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Dehumanization" in bureaucracies refers to:

<p>Treating personnel as cogs in a machine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common critique of bureaucracies known as "bureaucratic inertia"?

<p>Continuing policies despite changing needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes people who belong to a social group?

<p>In-group members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of social interaction according to the text?

<p>To reinforce norms associated with roles and statuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the errors associated with casual observation as mentioned in the text?

<p>Selective Observation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological approach involves translating abstract ideas into testable hypotheses?

<p>Positivism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key step in the Scientific Method for Quantitative Research according to the text?

<p>Identifying a theoretical idea of interest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of knowledge mentioned in the text that humans rely on?

<p>Tradition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sociological research, what does illogical reasoning stem from according to the text?

<p>A false premise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what is the primary purpose of conducting a survey in sociology?

<p>To test how independent variables affect dependent variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle guides researchers in ensuring that their sample is a true representation of the population in survey research?

<p>Justice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal when researchers use randomization in experiments?

<p>To assign individuals to groups by chance processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human ability contributes significantly to the generation of culture by creating concepts like 'year' and 'week'?

<p>Numerical reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does an independent variable play in a cause-and-effect relationship within an experiment?

<p>Presumed cause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ethnography in qualitative research?

<p>To experience and understand what it is like to be a member of a specific community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept related to preventing harm in research ethics?

<p>Harm minimization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the feeling of disorientation when encountering an unfamiliar culture or way of life?

<p>Culture shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human abilities contribute to the creation of culture according to the text?

<p>Abstraction and cooperation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for informed consent in research ethics?

<p>Acknowledgment of risks and voluntary participation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of Canada's Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968-1969 (Bill C-150)?

<p>Decriminalization of sex between men over 21 in private spaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Rights Revolution' refer to based on the text?

<p>A struggle by socially excluded groups to win equal rights under the law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical perspective on culture emphasizes the ongoing struggle between different social groups?

<p>Conflict Perspective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'looking-glass self' primarily focus on according to Charles Horton Cooley?

<p>How people develop their sense of self based on others' perceptions of them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of postmodernism as described in the text?

<p>Decline of authority and consensus around core values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'abstraction' primarily involve?

<p>Creating general concepts from sensory experience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of culture creation, what do 'mores' specifically refer to?

<p>Social requirements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 'values' in the context of culture creation?

<p>Good and bad preferences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key role does 'cooperation' play in culture creation?

<p>Creating generally accepted ways of doing things and ideas about right and wrong (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'abstraction' contribute to the understanding and organization of time?

<p>By creating concepts like 'day,' 'week,' and 'year' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of socialization, what is the main factor shaping an individual's conduct?

<p>Response from the social environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of peer groups in socialization according to the text?

<p>To contribute significantly to secondary socialization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent of socialization is described as having had a declining role over time in primary socialization?

<p>Families (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ascribed' status refer to?

<p>A social position imposed at birth, difficult to change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'hidden curriculum' in schools according to the text?

<p>It reinforces cultural norms of obedience and conformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the dramaturgical model of social interaction, what does the 'front stage' typically adhere to?

<p>Status and role expectations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the performance on the back stage in the dramaturgical model of social interaction?

<p>Feeling comfortable and relaxed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes people excluded from an in-group in social groups?

<p>Out-group members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is created by individuals to reinforce or challenge norms associated with different roles and statuses according to the text?

<p>Sense of self (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of social groups, as discussed in the text?

<p>Identifying with one another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of bureaucracies that might lead to dehumanization, according to the text?

<p>Impersonality and hierarchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist initially identified three types of authority within organizations?

<p>Max Weber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common and influential type of formal organization discussed in the text?

<p>Bureaucracies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to secondary groups designed to achieve explicit objectives?

<p>Bureaucracies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nodes' refer to within social networks according to the text?

<p>The unit of analysis linked by connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error in casual observation involves focusing on exceptions and treating them as the rule?

<p>Overgeneralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Positivism and Interpretivism in sociological research?

<p>Positivism assumes an objective reality, while Interpretivism recognizes multiple realities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting scientific research, what is the purpose of translating an abstract idea into a testable hypothesis?

<p>To provide a clear direction for data collection and analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical role does the scientific method play in quantitative research?

<p>Guides researchers in collecting and analyzing data systematically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for ensuring the validity of findings in qualitative methods like participant observation?

<p>Ensuring the sample represents the specific community being studied (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of formal standards for ethical research as described in the text?

<p>Respect for persons and beneficence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do symbols represent in the context of culture creation according to the text?

<p>Solutions to real-life problems developed by researchers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ability contributes to the creation of culture by allowing individuals to create abstract concepts like time divisions (e.g., weeks, years)?

<p>Abstraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to 'culture shock' as described in the text?

<p>Encountering an unfamiliar culture or way of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ability allows humans to create general concepts that meaningfully organize sensory experience?

<p>Abstraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of norm specifies social requirements?

<p>Mores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cooperation in culture creation?

<p>Creating social life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of values as described in the text?

<p>Culturally specific beauty standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element of culture represents the most pervasive symbols in human societies according to the text?

<p>Abstraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between non-material culture and material culture as discussed in the text?

<p>Non-material culture includes symbols and norms, while material culture includes technology and techniques. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Functionalist perspective view the elements of culture in relation to social order?

<p>Elements of culture contribute to social order by building social bonds and guiding people to support collective goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Conflict Perspective, what characterizes culture?

<p>Culture involves a struggle between groups with more powerful groups holding dominance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in Canada after the decriminalization of sex between men over 21 in private spaces?

<p>LGBTQ+ Canadians began a rights revolution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Experimental Methods in sociology?

<p>To isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects precisely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Symbolic Interactionism view the relationship between people and culture?

<p>People shape and interpret culture, choosing how it influences them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do experimenters use randomization in experiments?

<p>To ensure the two groups are identical representations of the population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quantitative method involves researchers asking people questions about their knowledge, attitudes, or behavior?

<p>Quantitative Survey (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conducting a survey in sociology?

<p>To test how independent variables affect dependent variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Quantitative Surveys to ensure valid findings?

<p>Ensuring the sample is an identical representation of the population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between primary socialization and secondary socialization?

<p>Primary socialization happens only within the family, while secondary socialization occurs outside the family. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of peer groups in an individual's socialization process?

<p>Peer groups contribute significantly to secondary socialization from middle childhood through adolescence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent of socialization has seen an increased importance over time, particularly with the rise of the Internet?

<p>Mass Media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes individuals who engage in role-making as opposed to role-playing?

<p>They generate role expectations and performances creatively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social interaction, what is the significance of presenting one's 'sense of self' to others?

<p>It helps individuals establish their own position in the social hierarchy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sociologist first identified three types of authority within organizations?

<p>Max Weber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest form of social network described in the text?

<p>Dyad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In social groups, what is the term for individuals who belong to the group?

<p>In-group members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of groups are separated by boundaries to create in-group and out-group members?

<p>Primary groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to the process of managing one's communication to create a particular image in the dramaturgical model of social interaction?

<p>Impression management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of authority involves power that is derived from tradition and custom?

<p>Traditional authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes individuals who are excluded from an in-group within social groups?

<p>'Out-group members' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Dehumanization' in bureaucracies refers to what specific aspect?

<p>'Treating clients as standard cases' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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