Socialization Process Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What research method involves researchers taking part in the social group being studied and systematically observing what occurs?

  • Debriefing
  • Participant Observation (correct)
  • Semi-structured Interviews
  • Unstructured Interviews

    • Which principle is NOT part of the three ethical principles that inform the development of formal research standards?

  • Privacy (correct)
  • Justice
  • Respect for persons
  • Beneficence

    • What does culture vary between?

  • Societies (correct)
  • Countries
  • Continents
  • People

    • What human ability is NOT mentioned as contributing to the creation of culture?

    <p>Imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Qualitative Methods: Participant Observation?

    <p>To experience and understand a specific community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common errors associated with casual observation?

    <p>Selective Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach do sociologists use to systematically study human behavior in social context?

    <p>Positivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Scientific Method for Quantitative Research?

    <p>Identify a theoretical idea of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key question a researcher focusing on housing market and eviction might ask?

    <p>Do corporate landlords file more evictions than 'mom-and-pop' landlords?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error is NOT associated with casual observation?

    <p>Positivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term defines the capacity to create a complex social life by establishing generally accepted ways of doing things and ideas about what is right and wrong?

    <p>Cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 sub-types of norms mentioned in the text?

    <p>Taboos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows humans to create concepts like 'day,' 'week,' and 'year' to describe time?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is defined as cultural statements that define what community members consider real?

    <p>Beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept specifically equates to seven consecutive 24-hour periods according to the text?

    <p>'Week'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conducting a survey in sociology?

    <p>To learn about the whole group of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are experimental methods rarely used in sociology?

    <p>They are not suitable for studying complex social phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a quantitative survey, what is the importance of ensuring that the sample is an identical representation of the population?

    <p>To increase the generalizability of the findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of randomization in experiments?

    <p>To assign individuals to groups by chance processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a researcher use an experimental method in sociology despite its limitations?

    <p>To precisely measure hypothesized causes and effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective on culture emphasizes that elements of culture contribute to social order by building social bonds and guiding people to support collective goals?

    <p>Functionalist Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical period is characterized by an eclectic mix of cultural elements, the decline of consensus around core values, and the erosion of authority?

    <p>Post-Modernity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is described as the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals, along with the unintended negative consequences that result?

    <p>Rationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who theorized that the self emerges through several stages of role-taking in social interaction with significant others?

    <p>George Herbert Mead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief, taste, norms, and values that people draw on in their everyday lives called?

    <p>Cultural Capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of socialization, as described in the text?

    <p>Maximizing individual needs and interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of socialization agents, which one has declined in its role over time?

    <p>Families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of peer groups to secondary socialization according to the text?

    <p>Growing in importance over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of schools in socialization, beyond academic subjects?

    <p>Teach cultural norms and obedience to authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the creative process by which individuals generate role expectations and performances called?

    <p>Role-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dramaturgical model of social interaction, the expression we give refers to:

    <p>Consciously intended verbal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of performances on the back stage?

    <p>Being relaxed and sincere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network is defined as a bounded set of individuals linked by the exchange of material or emotional resources?

    <p>Social network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'nodes' refer to in social networks?

    <p>Individuals, groups, or organizations connected in a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest form of social network according to the text?

    <p>Dyad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of bureaucracies according to Max Weber?

    <p>Written goals, rules, and procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Dehumanization" in bureaucracies refers to:

    <p>Treating personnel as cogs in a machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common critique of bureaucracies known as "bureaucratic inertia"?

    <p>Continuing policies despite changing needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes people who belong to a social group?

    <p>In-group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social interaction according to the text?

    <p>To reinforce norms associated with roles and statuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the errors associated with casual observation as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Selective Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociological approach involves translating abstract ideas into testable hypotheses?

    <p>Positivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key step in the Scientific Method for Quantitative Research according to the text?

    <p>Identifying a theoretical idea of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of knowledge mentioned in the text that humans rely on?

    <p>Tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sociological research, what does illogical reasoning stem from according to the text?

    <p>A false premise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what is the primary purpose of conducting a survey in sociology?

    <p>To test how independent variables affect dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle guides researchers in ensuring that their sample is a true representation of the population in survey research?

    <p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal when researchers use randomization in experiments?

    <p>To assign individuals to groups by chance processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human ability contributes significantly to the generation of culture by creating concepts like 'year' and 'week'?

    <p>Numerical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an independent variable play in a cause-and-effect relationship within an experiment?

    <p>Presumed cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ethnography in qualitative research?

    <p>To experience and understand what it is like to be a member of a specific community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept related to preventing harm in research ethics?

    <p>Harm minimization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the feeling of disorientation when encountering an unfamiliar culture or way of life?

    <p>Culture shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human abilities contribute to the creation of culture according to the text?

    <p>Abstraction and cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for informed consent in research ethics?

    <p>Acknowledgment of risks and voluntary participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of Canada's Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968-1969 (Bill C-150)?

    <p>Decriminalization of sex between men over 21 in private spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Rights Revolution' refer to based on the text?

    <p>A struggle by socially excluded groups to win equal rights under the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical perspective on culture emphasizes the ongoing struggle between different social groups?

    <p>Conflict Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'looking-glass self' primarily focus on according to Charles Horton Cooley?

    <p>How people develop their sense of self based on others' perceptions of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of postmodernism as described in the text?

    <p>Decline of authority and consensus around core values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'abstraction' primarily involve?

    <p>Creating general concepts from sensory experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of culture creation, what do 'mores' specifically refer to?

    <p>Social requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 'values' in the context of culture creation?

    <p>Good and bad preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key role does 'cooperation' play in culture creation?

    <p>Creating generally accepted ways of doing things and ideas about right and wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does 'abstraction' contribute to the understanding and organization of time?

    <p>By creating concepts like 'day,' 'week,' and 'year'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of socialization, what is the main factor shaping an individual's conduct?

    <p>Response from the social environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of peer groups in socialization according to the text?

    <p>To contribute significantly to secondary socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent of socialization is described as having had a declining role over time in primary socialization?

    <p>Families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ascribed' status refer to?

    <p>A social position imposed at birth, difficult to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'hidden curriculum' in schools according to the text?

    <p>It reinforces cultural norms of obedience and conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dramaturgical model of social interaction, what does the 'front stage' typically adhere to?

    <p>Status and role expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the performance on the back stage in the dramaturgical model of social interaction?

    <p>Feeling comfortable and relaxed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes people excluded from an in-group in social groups?

    <p>Out-group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is created by individuals to reinforce or challenge norms associated with different roles and statuses according to the text?

    <p>Sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social groups, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Identifying with one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of bureaucracies that might lead to dehumanization, according to the text?

    <p>Impersonality and hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist initially identified three types of authority within organizations?

    <p>Max Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common and influential type of formal organization discussed in the text?

    <p>Bureaucracies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to secondary groups designed to achieve explicit objectives?

    <p>Bureaucracies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'nodes' refer to within social networks according to the text?

    <p>The unit of analysis linked by connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error in casual observation involves focusing on exceptions and treating them as the rule?

    <p>Overgeneralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Positivism and Interpretivism in sociological research?

    <p>Positivism assumes an objective reality, while Interpretivism recognizes multiple realities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When conducting scientific research, what is the purpose of translating an abstract idea into a testable hypothesis?

    <p>To provide a clear direction for data collection and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical role does the scientific method play in quantitative research?

    <p>Guides researchers in collecting and analyzing data systematically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for ensuring the validity of findings in qualitative methods like participant observation?

    <p>Ensuring the sample represents the specific community being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fundamental principle of formal standards for ethical research as described in the text?

    <p>Respect for persons and beneficence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do symbols represent in the context of culture creation according to the text?

    <p>Solutions to real-life problems developed by researchers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ability contributes to the creation of culture by allowing individuals to create abstract concepts like time divisions (e.g., weeks, years)?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may lead to 'culture shock' as described in the text?

    <p>Encountering an unfamiliar culture or way of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ability allows humans to create general concepts that meaningfully organize sensory experience?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of norm specifies social requirements?

    <p>Mores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cooperation in culture creation?

    <p>Creating social life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of values as described in the text?

    <p>Culturally specific beauty standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element of culture represents the most pervasive symbols in human societies according to the text?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between non-material culture and material culture as discussed in the text?

    <p>Non-material culture includes symbols and norms, while material culture includes technology and techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Functionalist perspective view the elements of culture in relation to social order?

    <p>Elements of culture contribute to social order by building social bonds and guiding people to support collective goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Conflict Perspective, what characterizes culture?

    <p>Culture involves a struggle between groups with more powerful groups holding dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in Canada after the decriminalization of sex between men over 21 in private spaces?

    <p>LGBTQ+ Canadians began a rights revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Experimental Methods in sociology?

    <p>To isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects precisely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Symbolic Interactionism view the relationship between people and culture?

    <p>People shape and interpret culture, choosing how it influences them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do experimenters use randomization in experiments?

    <p>To ensure the two groups are identical representations of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quantitative method involves researchers asking people questions about their knowledge, attitudes, or behavior?

    <p>Quantitative Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conducting a survey in sociology?

    <p>To test how independent variables affect dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Quantitative Surveys to ensure valid findings?

    <p>Ensuring the sample is an identical representation of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary socialization and secondary socialization?

    <p>Primary socialization happens only within the family, while secondary socialization occurs outside the family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of peer groups in an individual's socialization process?

    <p>Peer groups contribute significantly to secondary socialization from middle childhood through adolescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent of socialization has seen an increased importance over time, particularly with the rise of the Internet?

    <p>Mass Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes individuals who engage in role-making as opposed to role-playing?

    <p>They generate role expectations and performances creatively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of social interaction, what is the significance of presenting one's 'sense of self' to others?

    <p>It helps individuals establish their own position in the social hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sociologist first identified three types of authority within organizations?

    <p>Max Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest form of social network described in the text?

    <p>Dyad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In social groups, what is the term for individuals who belong to the group?

    <p>In-group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of groups are separated by boundaries to create in-group and out-group members?

    <p>Primary groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the process of managing one's communication to create a particular image in the dramaturgical model of social interaction?

    <p>Impression management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of authority involves power that is derived from tradition and custom?

    <p>Traditional authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes individuals who are excluded from an in-group within social groups?

    <p>'Out-group members'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Dehumanization' in bureaucracies refers to what specific aspect?

    <p>'Treating clients as standard cases'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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