Social Studies Focus 2024-25
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason Martin Luther published criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church?

  • Desire for political power
  • To gain followers
  • Reform church practices (correct)
  • Quest for religious freedom

The Church of England was established primarily to allow divorces.

True (A)

What term describes the 17th-century conflict that motivated many Germans to emigrate?

Thirty Years' War

The practice of working for no wages for a period in exchange for passage to America is known as ______.

<p>indentured servitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following major settlements with their unique features:

<p>Roanoke Island = Lost Colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh Jamestown, Virginia = Established in 1607 with a 'no work-no food' policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people became known as 'Hidden Jews'?

<p>Sephardic Jews practicing in secrecy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The colony of Georgia was established to provide a new start primarily for wealthy landowners.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the colony of Georgia?

<p>James Oglethorpe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an economy that is built on bartering?

<p>Traditional economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a limited government, the people have the power and there are constraints on the government's authority.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a want and a need?

<p>A need is essential for survival, while a want is something desired but not necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a transaction, the buyer and seller need to agree on the _______.

<p>price</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of governments with their descriptions:

<p>Limited Government = Restraints on government authority Unlimited Government = Leaders answer to no one Representative Government = Elected officials serve the people Democracy = Government by the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of representative governments?

<p>Decisions are made by elected representatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Colonists traded with Native Americans to establish a traditional economy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of unlimited governments?

<p>Monarchies and dictatorships</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a market economy allow individuals to do?

<p>Set their own prices based on demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mercantilism promotes free trade without government intervention.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is profit?

<p>The difference between the cost to produce a product and the selling price.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _____ economy determines prices and the distribution of profit.

<p>socialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surplus in economic terms?

<p>An excess of goods produced beyond what is needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Scarcity = Lack of availability of a product Stocks = Investments in businesses for potential future profit Slave Labor = Work done by individuals held in servitude Tariff = A fee imposed on imported or exported goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-employed individuals receive a regular salary like employees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do tariffs play in an economy?

<p>Tariffs act as fees designed to regulate trade and protect local industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did Governor Bradford implement to improve the Plymouth colony's productivity?

<p>He allocated land to individuals for personal farming. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The free enterprise system allows for government ownership of businesses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major resource in the fur trade that created economic opportunity for colonists?

<p>beaver pelts</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a free enterprise system, individuals are encouraged to work for _______ by starting their own businesses.

<p>themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a consequence of the socialist structure initially set up in Plymouth?

<p>Resentment among workers who contributed more (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indentured servants were not allowed to own land after their service ended.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company gained a monopoly over the rivers that emptied into Hudson's Bay?

<p>Hudson's Bay Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary cash crops in early colonial days?

<p>Tobacco and cotton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consumerism encourages buying only the necessary items.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term that refers to the unrestricted economic system in which individuals produce goods to satisfy consumer needs?

<p>free enterprise</p> Signup and view all the answers

The effects of _______ can be observed when prices rise, but paychecks remain the same.

<p>inflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term demographics refer to?

<p>The composition of a population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interdependence refers to individuals being able to produce everything they need.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the economy in terms of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services?

<p>economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Pilgrims arrive in the New World aboard The Mayflower?

<p>1620 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Mayflower Compact was signed after the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the chief of the Native Americans that the colonists interacted with?

<p>Chief Powhatan</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ War began in 1636 between colonists and Native Americans.

<p>Pequot</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their corresponding years:

<p>First crop failure = 1606 Signing of The Mayflower Compact = 1620 Establishment of Fort Orange = 1608 Beginning of the Pequot War = 1636</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the instructions given to colonists settling Jamestown?

<p>Explore up the river to ensure safety before unloading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Quakers settled in New England before 1656.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trading post did Henry Hudson establish?

<p>Fort Orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Virginia Colony begin its establishment?

<p>1606 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Mayflower Compact was signed in 1629.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Spanish during the colonial period?

<p>To explore and settle in the southern parts of the U.S. and Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ Company was responsible for the founding of the Virginia Colony in 1606.

<p>Virginia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dates with their corresponding events:

<p>1606 = Establishment of the Virginia Colony 1620 = Signing of the Mayflower Compact 1629 = Charter of Massachusetts Bay 1492 = Columbus' discovery of the New World</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which European nations focused primarily on the eastern coast of North America during the colonial period?

<p>English, Dutch, French, and Swedes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The colonial period lasted from 1492 to 1763.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main challenge faced by the ships that carried settlers to the Virginia Colony?

<p>Crowding and lack of cleanliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary crops grown in the Middle Colonies?

<p>Wheat, barley, rye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Southern Colonies primarily relied on indentured servants and slave labor for their large plantations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main economic activity of the Hudson River settlements?

<p>Fur trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whale oil was a major product in the colonial economy, used primarily for ______ lighting.

<p>lamp</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the colonial regions with their primary economic activities:

<p>New England = Fishing, whaling, shipbuilding Middle Colonies = Wheat, barley, rye, cattle, pig farming Southern Colonies = Rice, tobacco, cotton, indigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who married Pocahontas?

<p>John Rolfe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT a primary export from the North American colonies to England?

<p>Molasses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trade in the colonial era primarily occurred in a direct line between Europe and North America.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Massachusetts Bay Colony was known for its religious tolerance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary resource used in shipbuilding centers like Boston and Portsmouth?

<p>Timber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cash crop that John Rolfe grew?

<p>Tobacco</p> Signup and view all the answers

The colony founded by Roger Williams, known for religious freedom, was called ______.

<p>Providence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the colony with its founder:

<p>Virginia Colony = John Rolfe Plymouth Colony = William Bradford Massachusetts Bay Colony = Puritans Connecticut Colony = Thomas Hooker</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events occurred in 1624?

<p>Establishment of New Netherland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

New Amsterdam was the name of the settlement built by the Dutch on Manhattan Island.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foundational principle stated by Thomas Hooker regarding authority?

<p>The foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main change Governor Bradford implemented to improve productivity in Plymouth?

<p>He distributed land to individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The free enterprise system promotes government ownership of businesses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic activity was especially lucrative for early colonists involved in the fur trade?

<p>Trapping and selling furs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals in a free enterprise system are encouraged to work for _____ by starting their own businesses.

<p>themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following economic concepts with their definitions:

<p>agriculture = Work on a farm or large producing estate to grow food. barter = Trading one item for another. capital = Any currency or asset used for production. budget = Plan for managing income and expenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of The Compact signed by the Pilgrims?

<p>To establish rules for governance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Charter of Massachusetts Bay granted the council powers to make laws and govern the colony.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method did colonists use to exchange goods before the establishment of a currency-based economy?

<p>Barter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic principle describes the expectation that colonies benefit the homeland?

<p>mercantilism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system of economics contrasts with the free enterprise system by promoting private ownership?

<p>mercantile system</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Pilgrims sought to escape __________ persecution under King James I.

<p>religious</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following industries with their primary location:

<p>Fishing = New England Tobacco = Southern Colonies Shipbuilding = New England Rice = Southern Colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a requirement for members of the Massachusetts Bay governing body?

<p>They must be Freemen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Pilgrims collectively called themselves the Separatists.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one economic benefit provided to England by the industriousness of colonists.

<p>significant income</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protestantism

A religious movement that began in the 16th century, challenging the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, with figures like Martin Luther and King Henry VIII leading the charge.

Hidden Jews

The practice of secretly practicing a religion while publicly adhering to another. It's a common survival strategy, often used by minority groups facing persecution.

Indentured Servitude

A system where people agree to work for a certain period without pay in exchange for free passage to a new land. It was a common practice in colonial times, especially for those struggling financially.

Roanoke Island

The first English colony in North America, established in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh. Though initially successful, it disappeared from history by 1590, leading to the moniker 'Lost Colony.'

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Jamestown, Virginia

The first successful English settlement in North America, established in 1607. Captain John Smith's 'no work-no food' policy was key to the colony's survival.

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Land Ownership Incentive

A system or philosophy that favors giving land ownership to individuals, encouraging migration and economic growth. The Homestead Act exemplifies this philosophy.

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Thirty Years' War

The war fought primarily among German principalities and France, lasting from 1618 to 1648. The conflict spurred a wave of German emigration to the New World.

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Religious Tolerance

The practice of tolerating diverse religious beliefs and practices, even those that are different from the dominant religion. It is an important principle for peaceful coexistence.

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John Rolfe

A leader of Jamestown who introduced tobacco cultivation to the Virginia region, fostering economic growth. He married Pocahontas, strengthening relations with the native population.

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John Smith

An English explorer, soldier, and author known for establishing the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown. He mapped the Chesapeake Bay area and played a vital role in the early years of the colony.

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Myles Standish

A military advisor for the Plymouth Colony who arrived on the Mayflower. He was a key figure in governing the colony and provided military expertise.

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John White

An English artist and illustrator known for his sketches of landscapes and Native Americans. He was the governor of Roanoke Colony but left to get supplies, returning to England in 1587 to find the colony abandoned.

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Roger Williams

An English theologian who advocated for religious tolerance, separation of church and state, and fair treatment of Native Americans. He obtained the charter for the establishment of Rhode Island.

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John Winthrop

A Puritan leader who sought to purify the Church of England and led the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He believed in God's will and had a strong influence on the colony's development.

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What year was Jamestown founded?

The year in which Jamestown was founded by the British Virginia Company under the leadership of Captain John Smith.

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What year did Christopher Columbus reach the New World?

The year in which Christopher Columbus reached the New World, marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas.

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Cash Crop

A valuable crop grown and sold for profit.

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Consumerism

Encourages overconsumption, often driven by advertising.

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Debt

Money owed to another person or institution, often with interest.

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Demographics

Characteristics of a population, including demographics like gender, age, and ethnicity.

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Economy

Production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Export

Products made in one country and sold to another.

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Free Enterprise

An economic system where individuals or businesses produce goods freely to meet consumer needs.

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Import

Products made or grown in one country and brought into another for sale.

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Free Enterprise System

A system where businesses are privately owned and individuals are free to start and run their own companies.

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Barter

Trading goods or services directly for other goods or services, without using money.

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Capital

Something produced by humans that can be used to make more goods or services. It can be money, tools, buildings, or anything that helps create wealth.

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Budget

A plan for how to manage money coming in and going out. A 'balanced budget' means income and spending are equal.

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Agriculture

Working on a farm or estate, typically to produce food for sale or consumption.

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Monopoly

A situation where a single company controls all or most of a particular market, giving them lots of power.

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Fur

A valuable animal skin used to make coats, hats, and other goods.

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Indentured Servant

A person who works for a set period of time in exchange for passage to a new land and food, housing, and possibly land at the end of the contract.

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Trade

An exchange of goods between countries, where each country sells what they produce.

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Traditional Economy

A system of bartering where goods are exchanged for other goods, with no currency involved.

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Transaction

Any exchange of goods, either for other goods or for currency, with agreed upon terms.

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Need

Something essential for survival, like food, water, shelter, and clothing.

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Want

Something you desire but don't require for survival, like fashion, jewelry, or gadgets.

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Limited Government

A type of government where power is limited by specific rules and restrictions, and the people have a say.

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Unlimited Government

A type of government where the leader has absolute power, with no restrictions or accountability to the people.

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Representative Government

A type of government where the people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

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Plantation

A large agricultural estate where workers, often unskilled, produce goods. In early colonial America, this system relied heavily on enslaved labor.

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Profit

The difference between the cost of producing a good and the price it's sold for. It's a key driver in capitalist economies, where individuals can set prices.

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Scarcity

A situation where there's not enough of something available. When something is scarce, its price often goes up because people are willing to pay more for it.

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Self-employed

Someone who works for themselves, owning a business or selling services. They set their own prices and are responsible for their success or failure.

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Slave Labor

The system where enslaved people are used as a source of labor. This was a major part of the plantation economy in the South, with slaves treated as property.

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Stocks

Shares of ownership in a company, providing investors with a way to participate in a company's profits (or losses). They're risky, but can also lead to big returns.

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Supply and Demand

The balance between how much of a good is available and how much people want it. This influences the price of the good. More demand and less supply = higher prices.

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Surplus

A situation where there's more of a good than people need. This can lead to lower prices as sellers try to get rid of excess goods.

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Colonial Period

The period in American history from 1492 to 1763, when European powers established colonies in North America.

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Mayflower Compact

A document signed by the Pilgrims on the Mayflower in 1620, establishing self-government and a set of laws for their colony.

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Charter of Massachusetts Bay

A charter granted in 1629 by the English Crown to a group of Puritan settlers to establish a colony in Massachusetts Bay.

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Jamestown Colony

The first successful English colony in North America founded in 1607. Captain John Smith enforced harsh rules, including 'no work-no food', to ensure the colony's survival.

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The founding of Jamestown

The first successful English colony in North America founded in 1607. Captain John Smith enforced harsh rules, including 'no work-no food', to ensure the colony's survival.

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John Smith's rules

The first successful English colony in North America founded in 1607. Captain John Smith enforced harsh rules, including 'no work-no food', to ensure the colony's survival.

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Who was John Smith?

An English explorer, soldier, and author known for establishing the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown. He mapped the Chesapeake Bay area and played a vital role in the early years of the colony.

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Plymouth Colony

The colony was founded by Pilgrims (Separatists from the Church of England) who arrived in America on the Mayflower in 1620. It was governed by the Mayflower Compact.

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New Netherland

Established in 1624 by the Dutch West India Company on Manhattan Island. Their primary interest was fur trade, not agriculture.

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded by owners of the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1623 and again in 1628. Primarily Puritan, it had little tolerance for other religions, which caused friction and slow growth. The Puritans valued education for all.

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Instructions for The Virginia Colony - 1606

A document that outlined rules for governing the Virginia Colony, emphasizing cooperation, defense, and trade with Native Americans.

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The Mayflower Compact - 1620

The Pilgrims signed this document to establish Plymouth Colony and its government, emphasizing self-governance.

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Pequot War

This war involved colonists and Native Americans in southeast Connecticut, lasting for two years.

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New England Federation

A federation created in 1643 to unify New England colonies, mainly for defense and cooperation against external threats.

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Quakers

A religious group that arrived in New England in 1656, promoting simplicity and equality, but also facing persecution for their beliefs.

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Henry Hudson

An English explorer who explored for The Netherlands and The Dutch East India Company, establishing Fort Orange, a trading post near Albany.

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Pocahontas

A Native American leader who played a significant role in the early interactions with colonists, eventually marrying John Rolfe.

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Pilgrims' arrival on the Mayflower

The arrival of the Pilgrims on the Mayflower marked a significant event in American history, laying the foundation for the Plymouth Colony.

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Mercantilism

Colonial economic theory where colonies primarily served their mother country's economic interests, generating wealth for England.

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Suffrage

The right to vote in elections, a privilege often granted to men who owned land or met certain financial requirements.

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New England Economy

The New England colonies focused on various industries like fishing, whaling, shipbuilding, and fur trading. They relied on local resources like timber and coastal access for these activities.

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Middle Colonies Economy

The Middle Colonies were known for their fertile soil and diverse agricultural products. They produced surplus crops like wheat, barley, and rye, and raised cattle and pigs for export. They also mined iron ore for tools and manufactured goods.

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Southern Colonies Economy

The Southern Colonies relied heavily on large farms and plantations, producing cash crops like rice, tobacco, cotton, and indigo dye. They also used a significant amount of both indentured servants and slave labor for farming.

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Triangular Trade

The Triangular Trade was a network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and North America. Europe sent manufactured goods to Africa and North America, Africa sent slaves to the Americas, and the Americas sent raw materials like tobacco, sugar, and molasses back to Europe.

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Colonial Trade with Europe

Colonies in North America relied on England for manufactured goods, spices, tools, and furniture. While they shipped raw materials to England for profit, they also had trade between themselves and the West Indies, trading goods like fish, meat, lumber, and flour.

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Hudson River Economy

The Hudson River settlements concentrated on the fur trade, with hunters and trappers collecting pelts and exporting them to Europe. They also relied on tenant farming, where colonists worked the land for a landlord.

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Colonial Economic Patterns

The colonies had a distinct economic system with different specialties based on geographic locations and resources. New England focused on fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding, the Middle Colonies focused on agriculture, and the Southern Colonies relied on plantation agriculture.

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Native American Influence on Farming

Early colonial farming often depended on Native American knowledge and techniques. They taught colonists how to grow crops like corn, pumpkins, squash, and beans, which were essential for survival.

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Study Notes

Social Studies Focus 2024-25

  • Texas, U.S., and World History for grades 5 & 6
  • Focuses on instructions for the Virginia Colony, the Mayflower Compact, and the Charter of Massachusetts Bay.
  • Covers the Colonial Period, the United States (60%), the World (25-30%), and Texas (10-15%).
  • Includes tables of contents for various topics like colonial period, nations and groups, reasons for exploration and colonization, major settlements, significant colonial leaders, and concepts in economics, government & citizenship.
  • Details the specific instructions for the Virginia Colony (1606), the Mayflower Compact (1620), and the Charter of Massachusetts Bay (1629).
  • Discusses major settlements like Roanoke Island, Jamestown, Virginia, and Plymouth Colony, including specific details like the role of John White, Virginia Dare, John Smith, Pocahontas, and William Bradford.
  • Explores significant colonial leaders including William Bradford, Thomas Hooker, Anne Marbury Hutchinson, Peter Minuit, and William Penn.
  • Includes various economic concepts like barter, budget, capital, cash crop, and consumerism.

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Social Studies Focus 2024-25 PDF

Description

This quiz covers Texas, U.S., and World History for grades 5 & 6, with an emphasis on the Colonial Period. It includes key topics such as the Virginia Colony, the Mayflower Compact, and major settlements like Jamestown and Plymouth. Test your knowledge on significant colonial leaders and concepts in economics and government.

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