Social Structures in Historical Kingdoms
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Questions and Answers

What is one significant characteristic of tribal societies in the subcontinent?

  • They were not divided into unequal classes. (correct)
  • They followed strict varna classifications.
  • They primarily resided in big cities.
  • They exhibited social stratification.
  • How did the rise of kingdoms influence social changes in the subcontinent?

  • Social changes were uniform across the subcontinent.
  • The differences between social classes became more pronounced. (correct)
  • There was a decline in craft and production activities.
  • Tribal societies gained more political power.
  • What role did the Brahmanas play in society according to the content?

  • They promoted equal rights among all classes.
  • They were primarily concerned with political power.
  • They discouraged the development of crafts.
  • They established the rules of varna that divided society. (correct)
  • What was a key outcome of the social structures under the Delhi Sultans and Mughals?

    <p>The social hierarchy between classes continued to grow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of society was emphasized as differing across various regions of the subcontinent?

    <p>The nature of social change and class division. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the rules of varna prescribed by?

    <p>Brahmanas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the difference between the high and low, and the rich and poor, under the rule of Delhi Sultans and the Mughals?

    <p>The difference increased. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many societies in the subcontinent followed the social rules and rituals prescribed by the Brahmanas.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are societies that often did not follow the social rules prescribed by the Brahmanas called?

    <p>Tribes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were members of each tribe united?

    <p>Kinship bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of information regarding tribal histories?

    <p>Oral traditions passed down through generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the text, which tribe is mentioned as controlling large territories in Punjab?

    <p>Khokhar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tribe is described as being influential during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

    <p>Khokhar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the chief of Gakkhar tribe?

    <p>Kamal Khan Gakkhar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tribe was very powerful in the northwest of the subcontinent?

    <p>Balochis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main pastoral products that nomadic pastoralists lived on?

    <p>Milk and woolen goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the caravan of the Banjaras called?

    <p>Tanda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Banjaras transport in their caravans?

    <p>Grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the English trader who described the Banjaras in detail?

    <p>Peter Mundy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many oxen were there in a tanda which Peter Mundy encountered?

    <p>14,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Banjaras solely transported grain and did not engage in trading other goods.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Banjaras were entirely self-sufficient and did not need to hire out their services to merchants.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common way in which a tanda carries their load?

    <p>Oxen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bhils become by the late sixteenth century?

    <p>Settled agriculturists and zamindars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the Gond society as states emerged?

    <p>It got divided into unequal social classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Gond raja of Garha Katanga?

    <p>Aman Das</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Gond raja of Garha Katanga who put up a strong resistance against the Mughals?

    <p>Rani Durgawati</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the smaller units that comprised a Garha in Gond society?

    <p>Chaurasi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main sources of wealth for Garha Katanga?

    <p>Trapping and exporting elephants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Ahoms originally from?

    <p>Present-day Myanmar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Ahoms achieve by suppressing the bhutyans (landlords)?

    <p>Creating a new state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kingdoms did the Ahoms annex during the sixteenth century?

    <p>The kingdoms of the Chhutiyas (1523) and Koch-Hajo (1581)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ahoms did not use firearms until the 1660s.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the Mughal general who attacked the Ahom kingdom in 1662?

    <p>Mir Jumla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Mughal conquest of the Ahom kingdom was a permanent victory leading to long term control of the region.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the forced labor system used by the Ahoms?

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Tribal Societies

    Societies in the subcontinent that differed from the social rules of the Brahmanas; not divided into unequal classes.

    Brahmanas' social rules

    Rules dictating social division (varna) in the subcontinent.

    Social Hierarchy

    A ranking of social classes, often with significant differences between rich and poor, powerful and weak.

    Varied societies

    Different types of societies existed in the subcontinent, with varying social structures.

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    Delhi Sultans and Mughals

    Rulers who influenced and perpetuated the social hierarchy in the subcontinent.

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    Tribes

    Societies in the subcontinent that didn't follow the Brahmanas' rules. They didn't have as many social classes.

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    Kinship Bonds

    The ties that unite members of a family in tribal societies.

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    Hunter-Gatherers

    Tribal societies that got their food by hunting animals and gathering plants.

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    Herders

    Tribal societies that lived by raising animals, such as cows or sheep.

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    How did tribes manage resources?

    Tribes combined hunting, gathering, and herding to use the natural resources of their area.

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    Jointly Controlled Resources

    In tribes, land and pastures were shared and divided amongst households according to their own rules.

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    Where did tribes live often?

    Tribes thrived in forests, hills, deserts, and remote areas.

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    Tribal Clash with Caste System

    Conflicts arose between tribes and the more powerful caste-based societies.

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    Tribal Freedom and Culture

    Tribes retained their independence and preserved their distinctive culture.

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    Interdependence of Societies

    Caste-based and tribal societies depended on each other for various needs.

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    How Did Tribes Preserve History?

    Tribes passed down their customs and traditions through oral stories to each generation.

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    Who were the Khokhar?

    A powerful Punjab tribe influential during the 13th and 14th centuries.

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    Who were the Gakkhars?

    A Punjab tribe that became influential after the Khokhar.

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    Kamal Khan Gakkhar

    The Gakkhar chief who gained a high position under Emperor Akbar.

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    Langahs and Arghuns

    Powerful tribes in Multan and Sind, before being subdued by the Mughals.

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    Balochis

    Another influential tribe in the northwest of the subcontinent.

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    Gaddis

    A shepherd tribe living in the western Himalayas.

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    Nagas, Ahoms, etc.

    Important tribes in the northeastern region of the subcontinent.

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    Chero Chiefdoms

    Chiefdoms that emerged in Bihar and Jharkhand by the 12th century.

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    Raja Man Singh's Chero Conflict

    Akbar's general, Raja Man Singh, attacked and defeated the Chero tribe in 1591.

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    Chero's Fate Under Aurangzeb

    Aurangzeb's forces captured Chero forts and subjugated the tribe.

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    Mundas and Santals

    Other important tribes in Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Bengal.

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    Nomadic Pastoralists

    People who moved from place to place with their herding animals.

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    What Did Nomads Trade?

    Nomads exchanged wool, ghee, etc. with settled farmers for grain, cloth, and tools.

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    Kolis, Berads, etc.

    Nomadic tribes found across different regions like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, and southern India.

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    Bhils

    A large tribe spread across western and central India, some of whom became settled farmers.

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    Gonds

    A large tribe found in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh.

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    Jatis

    Smaller castes that emerged within the varnas, representing specialized skills.

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    New Castes & Social Change

    The emergence of Jatis and the inclusion of tribes led to changes in the social structure.

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    Ahoms' Migration

    The Ahoms migrated to the Brahmaputra Valley from Myanmar in the 13th century.

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    Ahom Power & Expansion

    They created a powerful state by conquering previous rulers and tribes.

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    Study Notes

    Kingdoms and Societies

    • Kingdoms rose and fell, while crafts, production, and social/economic developments flourished in towns and villages.
    • Social change varied across regions due to evolving societies.
    • Understanding how and why these changes happened is important.

    Varna System

    • Large parts of the subcontinent had a society divided according to the rules of varna.
    • The rules, prescribed by the Brahmanas, were adopted by kingdom rulers.
    • Widened the gap between the rich and the poor.
    • The hierarchy strengthened under the Delhi Sultans and Mughals.

    Tribal Societies

    • Other societies existed besides the varna-based ones.
    • These societies didn't follow the social rules of the Brahmanas.
    • They often weren't divided into unequal classes.
    • These societies are sometimes called tribes.

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    Description

    Explore the rise and fall of kingdoms, the impact of the varna system, and the existence of tribal societies. This quiz examines the social and economic transformations that occurred in towns and villages, and how these changes varied across different regions. Understand the complexities of social hierarchies and the divisions they created.

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