Questions and Answers
What is the sociological theory about?
What is social structure?
The pattern of social organization and the interrelationships among institutions characteristic of a society.
What does social process refer to?
The interaction between and among social institutions, groups, and individuals.
Define social life.
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What is social structure theory?
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What does social disorganization theory describe?
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What is human ecology?
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Define social disorganization.
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What is the role of social ecology in criminology?
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What is social pathology?
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Define cultural transmission.
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What does ecological theory emphasize?
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What is the Chicago School of Criminology?
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Define criminology of place.
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What does environmental criminology emphasize?
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What is the broken window thesis?
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Define defensible space.
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What does strain theory propose?
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Define anomie.
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What does relative deprivation refer to?
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What is distributive justice?
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Define general strain theory (GST).
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Study Notes
Sociological Concepts
- Sociological Theory: Examines power dynamics among social groups and the influence of social phenomena on behaviors.
- Social Structure: Refers to the organized pattern of relationships within a society's institutions.
- Social Process: Involves interactions between social institutions, groups, and individuals.
- Social Life: Characterized by structured interactions, socialization, and behaviors among individuals in society.
Theories of Crime
- Social Structure Theory: Explains crime through societal economic and social arrangements, focusing on group behaviors rather than individual actions.
- Social Disorganization Theory: Views crime as a social pathology, comparing society to an organism, often linked to the Chicago School of Criminology.
- Human Ecology: Studies interrelations between humans and their physical and cultural environments.
- Social Ecology: Links community structure and organization with interactions in localized environments.
Cultural Aspects of Crime
- Cultural Transmission: Suggests delinquency is passed through generations via social communication, similar to the transmission of languages and norms.
- Social Pathology: Concept likening society to an organism, viewing criminality as analogous to illness.
Crime and Environment
- Ecological Theory: Focuses on demographics and geography to understand social disorganization in delinquency areas.
- Chicago School of Criminology: Investigates how social disorganization leads to social pathology and crime.
- Criminology of Place: Emphasizes geographic location and architectural features in relation to criminal victimization.
- Environmental Criminology: Similar perspective emphasizing location and architecture's link to crime prevalence.
Factors Contributing to Crime
- Broken Window Thesis: Argues that physical deterioration escalates crime rates through increased fear among residents.
- Defensible Space: Refers to strategies that residents use to exert control over their environment.
Strain and Social Conditions
- Strain Theory: Proposes that disconnection between culturally approved means and goals leads to criminal behavior.
- Anomie: A state of normlessness where societal norms are unclear or absent.
- Relative Deprivation: The feelings of inequality experienced by those unable to achieve success in society.
- Distributive Justice: Focuses on fair and equitable distribution of societal rewards.
Advanced Strain Theory
- General Strain Theory (GST): Suggests law-breaking behaviors are coping mechanisms for socio-emotional challenges arising from negative social relations.
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Enhance your understanding of sociological theories with these flashcards focusing on social structures and their impacts. Each card provides definitions and insights into essential terms in sociology. Ideal for students and enthusiasts of social sciences.
