Social Security and Pensions: Introduction to Retirement Institutions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of retirement institutions from an individual perspective?

  • Consumption smoothing (correct)
  • Encouraging impulsive spending
  • Facilitating high-risk investments
  • Promoting excessive savings

What is the main challenge associated with the occupational pension scheme?

  • Insufficient government funding
  • Decreasing life expectancy
  • Low participation rate
  • Aging population and rising dependency ratio (correct)

What is the primary source of funding for private pensions?

  • Social security taxes
  • Employer contributions
  • Personal savings and investment returns (correct)
  • Government subsidies

What is the suggested solution for the main problem associated with private pensions in the 21st century?

<p>Working longer and/or more savings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Should we substitute paygo and funding?

<p>Yes, to promote individual responsibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of pension systems in most countries?

<p>To deliver a pension equal to 70% of the average income after retirement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of a combination of PAYG (Pay-As-You-Go) and funding in pension systems?

<p>Risk diversification by spreading risks across different sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of demographic risks associated with PAYG systems?

<p>A decrease in the sustainability of the pension system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries have a high percentage of public pension and low total pension assets/GDP ratio?

<p>Italy and Spain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the establishment of most universal mandatory pensions in developed countries during the late 1930s to early 1950s?

<p>Political preferences and historical events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of retirement institutions from an individual perspective?

<p>Consumption smoothing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main problem associated with the occupational pension scheme?

<p>Low rate of capital market return (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pension scheme is residence-based and funded via paygo (government contributions)?

<p>State pension (public pension) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested solution for the main problem associated with private pensions in the 21st century?

<p>More savings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of funding for private pensions?

<p>Personal savings and investment returns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of pension systems from a government's perspective?

<p>Income redistribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of pension systems in most countries?

<p>To deliver a pension equal to 70% of average income before retirement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a combination of PAYG and funding in pension systems?

<p>Risk diversification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge associated with the occupational pension scheme?

<p>Financial market risks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of pension systems from a government's perspective?

<p>To ensure the sustainability of the system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the establishment of most universal mandatory pensions in developed countries during the late 1930s to early 1950s?

<p>Hyperinflation and the Great Depression of the 1930s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of demographic risks associated with PAYG systems?

<p>Increase in dependency ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of collective savings plans in mitigating financial market risks?

<p>Risk-sharing strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of inflation on pension savings?

<p>Erosion of the real value of pension savings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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