Social Sciences Lesson 2: Anthropology and Geography
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Social Sciences Lesson 2: Anthropology and Geography

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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of physical anthropology?

  • Mapping geographical locations
  • Analyzing political systems
  • Understanding cultural features of societies
  • Studying the biological evolution of man (correct)

    • Cultural anthropology examines the technological aspects of societies.

    True

    What is the Greek origin of the word 'anthropology'?

    Anthropos and logos

    Geography is the study of interactions between the natural environment and _____ living in it.

    <p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of geography focuses on climate and natural features?

    <p>Physical Geography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disciplines with their definitions:

    <p>Anthropology = Study of humankind and cultural traditions Geography = Study of interactions between people and the environment Physical Anthropology = Study of biological evolution of man Cultural Anthropology = Investigation of cultural features in societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is studied within human geography?

    <p>Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of anthropology began in the 20th century.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Halford Mackinder is known as the 'Father of Geopolitics and Geostrategy.'

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event prompted the rise of interest in anthropology during the 18th and 19th centuries?

    <p>Western Imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the Greek noun 'historia'?

    <p>learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cuneiform script represents whole ______ while hieroglyphs represent ______ only.

    <p>syllables, consonants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>Primary Sources = Eyewitness accounts or firsthand information Secondary Sources = Uses primary materials for additional information Cuneiform = Script written on clay tablets Hieroglyphics = Script written on temple walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did significant advancements in geography occur?

    <p>Hellenistic Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hieroglyphics and cuneiform scripts represent the same historical events in a similar manner.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form were events recorded in ancient Egypt?

    <p>hieroglyphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with employing the historical method in writing?

    <p>Herodotus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'linguistics' originates from the Latin word for 'language.'

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economics study?

    <p>The efficient allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited human needs and wants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conventional date for the proper study of linguistics is _____ when regular sound correspondences were found.

    <p>1786</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following branches of economics with their focus:

    <p>Macroeconomics = Analyzes the whole economy and its subdivisions Microeconomics = Studies the behavior of individual agents like households Supply-side economics = Focuses on how policies affect production Behavioral economics = Examines psychological factors influencing economic decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical period inspired the birth of modern economics?

    <p>The Enlightenment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thucydides authored a significant work about the history of the Peloponnesian War.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two Greek words that form the basis of the term 'economics'?

    <p>Oikos and nomos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is considered the Father of Modern Psychology?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Developmental Psychology focuses solely on the psychological disorders of individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did William James study in psychology?

    <p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sociology studies how people relate to each other and how they work as a whole in the larger __________.

    <p>society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following psychologists to their theories or contributions:

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt = Father of Modern Psychology Sigmund Freud = Psychoanalytic personality theory William James = Concept of Functionalism Auguste Comte = Coined the term sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'demography' refer to?

    <p>The study of human population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Auguste Comte is associated with the development of psychology as a science.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant influence that led to the birth of sociology?

    <p>The Industrial Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered one of the earliest demographers known for studying death likelihood using age group statistics?

    <p>Edmond Halley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kautilya argued that a large population is detrimental to a nation's strength.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Malthus believe about population growth rate?

    <p>Malthus believes that the population growth rate is growing in a geometric progression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ibn Khaldun believed that dense population growth is generally favorable to the maintenance and increase of _____ power.

    <p>imperial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical figures with their contributions to demography:

    <p>Kautilya = Large population as strength Ibn Khaldun = Favorable dense population for imperial power Edmond Halley = Death statistics by age group Thomas Malthus = Population growth rate concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Sciences Overview

    • Social sciences study human behavior and society, encompassing various disciplines that contribute to understanding cultural, historical, economic, and political aspects of life.
    • Key disciplines include Anthropology, Geography, History, Linguistics, Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, and Demography.

    Anthropology

    • Definition: Examines ancient societies and cultural traditions; derived from Greek "anthropos" (humankind) and "logos" (study).
    • Branches:
      • Physical Anthropology: Focuses on biological evolution.
      • Cultural Anthropology: Investigates cultural features and changes over time.
    • Historical Context: Originates from Herodotus in ancient times; gained prominence during Western Imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries.

    Geography

    • Definition: Studies interactions between the natural environment and humans, based on Greek meanings of "geo" (Earth) and "graphos" (charting).
    • Branches:
      • Physical Geography: Analyzes natural Earth features like climate and vegetation.
      • Human Geography: Explores human populations and their environmental impacts, including agriculture and urbanization.
    • Historical Context: Ancient civilizations created maps; notable developments occurred during the Hellenistic Period, with Halford Mackinder recognized for advances in geopolitics.

    History

    • Definition: The study of recorded past events, derived from the Greek "historia" (learning).
    • Branches:
      • Primary Sources: Firsthand evidence from eyewitnesses.
      • Secondary Sources: Interpretations of primary materials.
    • Historical Context: Documenting events dates back to ancient civilizations with evidence in hieroglyphs and cuneiform scripts; influential historians include Herodotus and Thucydides.

    Linguistics

    • Definition: Focuses on the nature of language, derived from Latin "lingua" (language).
    • Historical Context: Historically intertwined with philosophy; developed as a distinct discipline in 1786 through studies of language correspondences across cultures.

    Economics

    • Definition: Examines the allocation of scarce resources to fulfill human needs and wants; from Greek "oikos" (home) and "nomos" (management).
    • Branches:
      • Macroeconomics: Analyzes economies as a whole; studies overall economic indicators.
      • Microeconomics: Examines individual agents and behaviors affecting supply and demand.
    • Historical Context: The Enlightenment period fostered modern economics.

    Political Science

    • Definition not explicitly covered in the provided text, but contributes to understanding governance, political behaviors, and systems.

    Psychology

    • Definition: Systematic analysis of human behavior and mental processes; focuses on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects.
    • Branches:
      • Clinical Psychology: Addresses mental health disorders.
      • Developmental Psychology: Studies life-span development.
    • Historical Context: Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder; influential figures include William James and Sigmund Freud.

    Sociology

    • Definition: Systematic study of human society and relationships among people; combines Latin "socius" (friend) with Greek "logos" (study).
    • Historical Context: Emerged during the Industrial Revolution, with highlights from Auguste Comte.

    Demography

    • Definition: Studies human populations from Greek "demos" (people) and "graphos" (mapping); includes population dynamics and movements.
    • Historical Context: Interest in population dates back to ancient scholars; notable contributors include Kautilya and Ibn Khaldun; early demographers include Edmond Halley and Thomas Malthus.

    Interdisciplinary Connections

    • Anthropology and Geography: Essential for understanding societal contexts; can collaboratively explore cultural landscapes and geographic impacts on societies.
    • History and Linguistics: Both enrich comprehension of societal evolution and communication; they inform about language development within historical contexts.
    • Psychology, Sociology, and Demography: Together, they analyze social behaviors, emotional influences, and population dynamics, offering comprehensive insights into societal functioning.

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