Questions and Answers
A method of Social Science research that requires the anthropologists to have the ability to participate and blend with the way of life of a given group of people is called ______.
participant observation
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown is associated with the ______ paradigm, which focuses on social structures and their functions.
structural-functionalist
Clifford Geertz emphasized that symbols guide ______.
action
Culture, as defined by Geertz, is a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about ______.
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Margaret Mead applied techniques and theories from modern psychology to understanding ______.
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According to Anthony Giddens, Sociology is 'The study of human ______, groups, and society.'
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August Comte is known as the 'Founding Father of ______.'
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Sociologists deal with the scientific study of human interactions, social ______, and institutions.
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MAX WEBER is known for his 'INTERPRETATIVE ______'
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According to Andrew Heywood, political science is the systematic study of ______.
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The branch of political science that focuses on the study of ideas is called ______ theory.
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In the branch of ______ administration, the functioning of government and policy-making is examined.
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The theory of Separation of Powers is famously articulated by ______ de Montesquieu.
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ARISTOTLE was known for his concept that 'Humans are ______ animals'.
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Weber emphasized the role of ______ in the development of society.
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PLATO is known for his method called ______, used for presenting solutions and arguments.
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Comte's sociology is associated with ______, the ideology that says science is the only valid way of knowing things.
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______ Martineau is considered the 'MOTHER OF SOCIOLOGY'.
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Karl Marx is known for his concept of ______ stratification.
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Marx introduced the concept of ______ Materialism, focusing on material conditions as the basis for historical development.
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Emile Durkheim is known for pioneering ______ in sociology.
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Durkheim argued that society is a reality that is ______ from individuals.
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Durkheim's study on ______ highlighted the importance of social norms in regulating behavior.
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Durkheim's theory of sociological realism states that society cannot be reduced to ______ aggregates.
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He is known for ______ – Ruled by a despot – A despot is a ruler who has total power.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that humans are born with good ______.
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Thomas Hobbes is known for his political philosophy titled ______.
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Hobbes believed that humans are naturally born with ______ spirits.
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John Locke is commonly known as the ‘Father of ______.’
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Karl Marx is known for his opposition to ______.
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Marxism aims to achieve a ______ society throughout the world.
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Anthropology is derived from the Greek words 'anthropos' meaning 'man' and 'logos' meaning _____
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Hobbes viewed government primarily as a device for ensuring collective ______.
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Cultural anthropology studies cultural _____ across different societies.
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Biological or physical anthropology studies the origins of humans as well as the interplay between social factors and human _____ over time.
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Franz Boas is considered the 'Father of American _____'.
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Alfred Kroeber contributed to culture theory via constructs such as the '_____'.
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Bronisław Malinowski is known as the most influential _____ in anthropology.
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Archaeology deals with prehistoric societies by studying their tools and _____ .
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Linguistic anthropology studies how language reflects and shapes different aspects of human _____ and culture.
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Study Notes
Participant Observation
- A social science research method requiring anthropologists to integrate and participate in the lifestyle of a specific group.
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
- Advocated for structural-functionalism, focusing on social structures and their roles in maintaining societal equilibrium.
- Viewed individuals as products of social structures, emphasizing the influence of society on behavior.
Clifford Geertz
- Defined culture as a system of inherited conceptions expressed symbolically, facilitating communication and knowledge development.
- Emphasized that culture assigns meaning to the world, enhancing understanding of life experiences.
Margaret Mead
- Pioneered the application of psychological theories to cultural studies.
- Proposed that cultures focus on selective human potentials, often overshadowing others.
Sociology
- Defined as the study of human social life, encompassing individual and group behaviors within societal contexts.
- Analyzes the interplay between economic, political, and social factors influencing social phenomena.
Sociologists
- Auguste Comte: Known as the "Founding Father of Sociology," introduced the three stages of societal development: Theological, Metaphysical, and Positive. Associated with positivism, promoting science as the primary knowledge source.
- Harriet Martineau: Recognized as the “Mother of Sociology,” emphasized ethnographic narratives to unveil social inequalities and moral guidance.
- Karl Marx: Described as the “Father of Scientific Socialism” known for his theory of social stratification and historical materialism, focusing on social class, status, and roles.
- Émile Durkheim: Established functionalism, asserting that society is a reality that transcends individuals, and introduced concepts of social facts and anomie as disruptions in societal regulation.
- Max Weber: Advocated for interpretative sociology, highlighting the rationalization process in societal development and science's rise over religion.
Political Science
- Systematic study of politics and governance, assessing how people create and maintain rules for society.
- Explores values of equality, freedom, and justice, linking conflicts, resolutions, and cooperative dynamics.
Branches of Political Science
- Political Theory: Examines classical political ideas and their implications.
- Public Administration: Studies government functionality and policymaking processes.
- Political Economy: Analyzes the relationship between economics, politics, and law.
- Comparative Politics: Compares different political systems across states.
Political Scientists
- Plato: A pivotal classical philosopher known for his dialectic method, framing arguments for critique.
- Aristotle: Student of Plato, emphasized empiricism and the political nature of humans, discussing governance and leadership.
- Baron de Montesquieu: Articulated the Theory of Separation of Powers and analyzed despotism.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Influential Enlightenment thinker who believed in the inherent goodness of humans and critiqued societal chains.
- Thomas Hobbes: Known for "Leviathan," depicted humans as inherently evil, advocating for strong government for security through a social contract.
- John Locke: “Father of Liberalism,” believed in social and political change for progress.
Anthropology
- Derived from Greek words meaning “man” and “study,” it systematically examines biological, cultural, and social aspects of humanity.
- Integrates biological sciences and humanities to understand human species' complexities.
Branches of Anthropology
- Cultural Anthropology: Studies cultural variations and emphasizes contextual understanding.
- Social Anthropology: Investigates how social patterns evolve and their cultural implications.
- Linguistic Anthropology: Analyzes language and discourse’s role in shaping society.
- Biological Anthropology: Examines human origins, evolution, and environmental interactions.
- Archaeology: Explores prehistoric societies through artifacts and environmental studies.
Anthropologists
- Franz Boas: “Father of American Anthropology,” introduced historical particularism, recognizing each culture as unique.
- Alfred Kroeber: Early American anthropology contributor, focused on culture's universality and transcendence across societies.
- Bronisław Malinowski: Recognized as a highly influential ethnographer in the field.
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Description
Test your knowledge on participant observation and structural-functionalism in social science research. This quiz explores the theories introduced by Alfred Radcliffe-Brown and the importance of social structures in maintaining societal equilibrium. Dive into the key concepts and enhance your understanding of anthropology.
