Social Psychology Overview

<p>The state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas on something. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expressing who or what connects to one's identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain money. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subjective ease or difficulty of performing a behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They drive consistent behavior across multiple situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They acknowledge negative feedback and reflect on failures more. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-enhancement is more pronounced in Eastern cultures when privately expressed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only a few core traits represent significant personality differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Five Factor Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A predicament where individuals feel at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced teacher expectations improved student performance significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More cognitive resources make it easier to suppress stereotypes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be generalizations based on personal experiences rather than factual data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Events are attributed to both internal and external conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over-attributing behaviors to personality traits with limited information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actors attribute their behavior to external situations while observers attribute it to internal traits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consistently attribute negative events internally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central route requires careful attention to message quality, while peripheral route focuses on superficial characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norm of reciprocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It begins with an unreasonably large request that is lowered to a more reasonable one. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A smaller request appears more acceptable following a larger one. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on scrutinizing one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gap between their actual self and their perceived selves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of self-regulatory systems into promotion and prevention focuses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Identity Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It argues that individuals learn and define themselves through comparisons with others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired performance due to increased arousal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeling that their contribution is identifiable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants conformed even in unambiguous tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's allowance to deviate from group norms based on past conformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only simple tasks benefit from the presence of others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhering to group standards to gain approval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conformity peaked with a group size of about 15 members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groupthink (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equality of status, common goals, intergroup cooperation, support of authorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How we think we appear to others and its impact on our self-concept (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinated actions of a group to reshape intergroup dynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-awareness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Obama election in 2008 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How individuals anticipate the views and expectations of society at large (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A government acknowledging past injustices and offering reparations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific trait that holds significant importance to an individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The degree to which an individual believes that important others would approve or disapprove of a specific behavior, and the motivation to comply with their expectations.

A person's assessment of how easy or difficult it would be to perform a specific behavior.

One's overall evaluation of a particular attitude object, which can be positive or negative.

A set of stable tendencies that influence an individual's behavior across various situations.

A process through which individuals learn by observing others and the consequences they experience.

A defense mechanism where internal conflicts are projected onto others as a way to protect self-esteem.

The belief that a specific behavior is either morally right or wrong, influencing attitudes and behavior.

A state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something.

The tendency for people to perceive and describe their own group more positively than other groups.

When people are aware of stereotypes about their group, they may worry about confirming those stereotypes, impacting their performance.

A mental shortcut that simplifies the world by assuming that members of a group share certain traits.

The tendency for people to rely on mental shortcuts to simplify information processing.

A process in which people attribute their successes to internal factors (ability) and failures to external factors (bad luck).

The idea that behaviors are explained based on the underlying causes behind them, which can be internal (personality) or external (situational factors).

The tendency for individuals to exaggerate their positive qualities and downplay their negative ones.

A method of personality assessment that involves identifying traits through language by analyzing the terms used to describe personality.

The tendency to overemphasize internal factors (personality, traits) when explaining others' behaviors, while underestimating situational influences.

This bias occurs when observers attribute an actor's behavior to their personality traits, while the actor may attribute their own behavior to the situation.

A tendency to attribute success to internal factors (ability, effort) and failures to external factors (bad luck, unfair circumstances).

A pattern of thinking characterized by attributing negative events to internal, stable, and global causes, leading to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness.

Attributing negative events to external factors (bad luck, unfair circumstances), maintaining hope and self-esteem.

Tendency to perceive ambiguous actions as intentional provocation.

The process of influencing another person's attitudes or behaviors.

A technique that aims to increase compliance by starting with a large, unreasonable request, which is likely to be rejected, and then following up with a smaller, more reasonable request.

The presence of others increases arousal, leading to an enhanced performance on simple tasks but impaired performance on complex tasks.

When individuals exert less effort when working in a group compared to working alone, especially when individual contributions are not easily identifiable.

A change in behavior or belief due to real or imagined group pressure.

The tendency for a group to prioritize agreement and consensus over making effective decisions, leading to faulty judgments and poor outcomes.

Individuals accept information from others as evidence about reality, influencing their beliefs and behaviors.

Individuals conform to meet the expectations of others and gain social approval or avoid disapproval.

The degree to which group size influences conformity. Conformity tends to increase with group size, peaking at around 15 members.

The ability of an individual to deviate from group expectations without facing negative consequences, earned through consistent contributions and trustworthiness.

A process where disadvantaged group members work collectively to improve intergroup relations.

The belief that people have about themselves, formed by their experiences and perceptions.

Specific beliefs about oneself that make up the self-concept.

When a specific trait is central to someone's self-concept.

When a specific trait is not central to someone's self-concept.

The extent to which self-schemas are consistent, clear and stable over time.

How people create meaning through their interactions with others.

The reflection of how we perceive ourselves in the eyes of others.

This theory states that people learn about themselves by observing their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

This theory proposes that individuals have two distinct self-regulatory systems: promotion, which focuses on approaching goals and achieving success, and prevention, which focuses on avoiding failure and maintaining safety.

This theory emphasizes that people compare themselves with others to understand and define their own self-concept.

This theory proposes that a part of our self-concept comes from the groups we belong to and the importance we attach to those memberships.

This theory focuses on the discrepancies between our actual selves, our ideal selves (who we aspire to be), and our ought selves (who we feel we should be).