Social Psychology Module 13

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Questions and Answers

What describes the Central Route to Persuasion?

It relies on emotional appeals.

It focuses on the quality of arguments presented. (correct)

It involves superficial processing of information.

It is effective only in a low-involvement situation.

Which of the following techniques is commonly used in persuasion to evoke fear?

Providing detailed statistical evidence.

Presenting a charismatic speaker.

Offering multiple choices to the audience.

Using fear appeals without a solution. (correct)

Which option represents a characteristic of minority influence in social change?

Majorities often yield to minority pressures.

Minorities can foster doubt by presenting consistent arguments. (correct)

Minority influence is typically stronger in larger groups.

Minority opinions are always immediately accepted.

What effect do social norms typically have on individual behavior?

They modify behavior by providing a framework of expectations. Signup and view all the answers

The Peripheral Route to Persuasion is more likely to be used when:

The audience has low involvement and motivation. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect influences conformity according to Asch's experiment?

The size of the group and its unanimity. Signup and view all the answers

What typically leads to group polarization?

Shared attitudes and discussions among like-minded individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about collectivism is accurate?

Collectivism can vary widely even within a single culture. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior did the guards exhibit during the Stanford Prison Experiment?

They physically and emotionally bullied the prisoners. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding of Stanley Milgram's experiment?

Participants delivered shocks up to the maximum voltage. Signup and view all the answers

What is group polarization?

The tendency for groups to adopt more extreme positions after discussion. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most associated with groupthink?

Suppression of dissenting opinions. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome can result from unfavorable group interactions?

Stifled dissent or rushed judgments. Signup and view all the answers

In what way can social norms affect group decision-making?

They can create pressure to conform. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential drawbacks of group decision-making?

Groupthink can stifle critical evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with group polarization?

Exposure to opposing viewpoints. Signup and view all the answers

How might minority influence contribute to social change?

By fostering critical debate and discussion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant outcome of the Milgram experiment?

Obedience can lead to harm despite personal conscience. Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the tendency for the first information learned about someone to have a greater influence than subsequent information?

Primacy effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms defines a belief or expectation about a group of people?

Stereotype Signup and view all the answers

How does the implicit association test (IAT) measure subtle prejudices?

By measuring time taken to categorize words and images Signup and view all the answers

What method can help overcome initial prejudices among individuals?

Collaborative work for a common goal Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the expectations that can increase the likelihood of a predicted event occurring?

Self-fulfilling prophecies Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of moral reasoning did Kohlberg prioritize in his evaluation?

Reasons given for decisions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes altruistic behavior?

Helping others without a personal benefit Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which factor is most likely to correlate with aggressive behavior?

Frustration and provocation Signup and view all the answers

What does the prisoner’s dilemma illustrate in terms of cooperation?

Self-interest can outweigh mutual benefit Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of Kohlberg's moral reasoning approach?

It ignores the role of emotion Signup and view all the answers

How do people generally make moral decisions, according to the content?

Intuitively and emotionally Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason people engage in altruistic behavior?

Fear of social punishment from non-cooperation Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is characterized by individuals who are less likely to help when others are present?

Bystander apathy Signup and view all the answers

Why might people find it difficult to cooperate in social situations?

A belief that others are also untrustworthy Signup and view all the answers

What factor can enhance the likelihood of cooperation among individuals?

Assurance of punishment for non-cooperation Signup and view all the answers

What is the bystander effect?

The tendency to feel less responsible to act when others are present. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes social loafing?

Working less hard when sharing work with others. Signup and view all the answers

What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggest?

Frustration increases the likelihood of aggression. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with a tendency toward violent behavior?

Growing up in a non-violent neighborhood. Signup and view all the answers

What role does cognitive dissonance play in justifying cruel behavior?

It lowers the perceived value of the victims. Signup and view all the answers

What is pluralistic ignorance?

A situation where individuals assume others are more informed. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is commonly associated with individuals prone to aggression?

Lack of guilt after harming someone. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best defines diffusion of responsibility?

Reduced sense of personal responsibility in a group setting. Signup and view all the answers

How do factors like nutrition and lead exposure influence violent behavior?

They can contribute to tendencies for violent behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between aggressiveness and mental health concerns?

Only substance-abusing individuals with mental illness are prone to violence. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social psychology studies how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations
Module 13.1 covers prosocial and antisocial behavior, including Kohlberg's moral reasoning, the prisoner's dilemma, and factors related to aggression
Module 13.2 focuses on social perception and cognition, covering topics like the primacy effect, implicit association tests, prejudice, attributions, and the actor-observer effect
Module 13.3 explores attitudes and persuasion, discussing how attitudes are measured, cognitive dissonance, persuasion techniques, fear appeals, and coercive persuasion
Module 13.4 examines interpersonal attraction, covering theoretical explanations, factors influencing relationships, types of love, and the concept of similarity
Module 13.5 delves into interpersonal influence, reviewing Asch's conformity experiment, cultural variations in conformity, Zimbardo's prison experiment, Milgram's obedience study, group polarization, and group think

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Description

Explore the core concepts of Module 13 in social psychology, focusing on prosocial and antisocial behavior, social perception, attitudes and persuasion, and interpersonal attraction. This module provides insights into factors influencing behaviors in social settings, including moral reasoning and authority influence through various experiments.