5 Social Psychology
50 Questions
7 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of social psychology?

  • The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by genetics
  • The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by culture
  • The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others (correct)
  • The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by the environment

    • What is the primary function of social schemas in social cognition?

  • To influence the ways in which people view others' behavior
  • To organize information stored in memory and provide a framework to recognize, categorize, and recall information relating to social stimuli (correct)
  • To help people form impressions of others based on central traits
  • To study the biases that influence the ways in which people view others' behavior

    • What is central to the process of impression formation?

  • Minor flaws in an individual's personality
  • Major traits considered in forming impressions of others
  • Central traits considered in forming impressions of others (correct)
  • Physical appearance

    • What is the process by which an individual organizes information about another person to form an overall impression of that person?

    <p>Impression formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do social schemas provide in relation to social stimuli?

    <p>A framework to recognize, categorize, and recall information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do people use to help predict what others are like based on relatively little information?

    <p>Social schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that influences conformity to social roles?

    <p>Expectations for people who occupy a given social position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members?

    <p>Stereotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants in Milgram's classic obedience study eventually used the highest setting labelled on the shock generator?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social identity theory, what do people tend to be?

    <p>Ethnocentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group member whose dissenting views make nonconformity to the group easier?

    <p>Social supporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Implicit Association Test?

    <p>To measure implicit biases and prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to reduce the consequences of prejudice and discrimination?

    <p>Increase contact between the target of stereotyping and holder of the stereotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prejudice and discrimination?

    <p>Prejudice is an attitude, while discrimination is a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for behavior directed towards individuals based on their group membership?

    <p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo and colleagues?

    <p>To study the effects of conformity to social roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a change in behavior in response to the commands of others?

    <p>Obedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for expectations about a future event or behavior that increase the likelihood it will occur?

    <p>Self-fulfilling prophecy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for learning to be aggressive by viewing the rewards and punishments that models provide?

    <p>Observational learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where the presence of others inhibits helping behavior?

    <p>Bystander effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the erroneous inference that others accept a norm, therefore causing the person to go along with it?

    <p>Pluralistic ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of helping behavior that requires self-sacrifice?

    <p>Altruism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of analyzing the potential costs and benefits of helping others?

    <p>Rewards-costs analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for individuals who provide a guide to appropriate behavior through their own behavior?

    <p>Models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the evolutionary approach, which group of children is more likely to be fatally abused?

    <p>Children living with stepparents or foster parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of discharging built-up aggressive energy according to Freudian theory?

    <p>Catharsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency for the presence of weapons to increase aggression?

    <p>Weapon's effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the frustration-aggression approaches?

    <p>Explaining aggression in terms of reactions to frustration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of castrating roosters without transplanting testicles, according to Berthold (1949)?

    <p>Decreased aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach explains aggression as a release of built-up aggressive energy?

    <p>Freudian theory approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Freudian theory of aggression?

    <p>Aggression is a result of pent-up energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process that reduces aggressive energy according to Freudian theory?

    <p>Catharsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following researchers found that castrated roosters without transplanted testicles displayed less aggression?

    <p>Berthold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the evolutionary approach, which group of children is more likely to be fatally abused?

    <p>Children living with one biological parent and one stepparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the frustration-aggression approach?

    <p>Aggression is a result of frustration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency for the presence of weapons to increase aggression?

    <p>Weapon's effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a biological approach to aggression?

    <p>Testosterone approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between biological and biochemical approaches to aggression?

    <p>One focuses on hormones, the other on brain chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following researchers studied the relationship between frustration and aggression?

    <p>E.G. Klinesmith et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the biological approach to aggression?

    <p>To understand the role of hormones in aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the observational learning approach in understanding aggression?

    <p>The role of environmental factors in shaping aggressive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that contributes to the bystander effect?

    <p>The diffusion of responsibility among bystanders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation behind altruistic behavior, according to the rewards-costs analysis?

    <p>The desire to gain personal rewards or benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between prosocial behavior and altruistic behavior?

    <p>Prosocial behavior involves no personal cost, while altruistic behavior involves self-sacrifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of models in the observational learning approach?

    <p>To provide a guide to appropriate behavior through their own behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of pluralistic ignorance?

    <p>Increased conformity to social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the likelihood of helping behavior in emergency situations?

    <p>The presence of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between prosocial behavior and aggression?

    <p>Prosocial behavior helps others, while aggression harms others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of rewards and punishments in the observational learning approach?

    <p>To provide a guide to appropriate behavior through reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of the diffusion of responsibility?

    <p>Decreased sense of personal responsibility among bystanders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Psychology

    • Scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

    Attitudes and Social Cognition

    • Forming impressions of what others are like and of the causes of their behavior.
    • Biases that influence the ways in which people view others' behavior.

    Social Cognition: Understanding Others

    • Cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves.
    • Social schemas: Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences.
    • Organize information stored in memory.
    • Provide a framework to recognize, categorize, and recall information relating to social stimuli.
    • Help predict what others are like based on relatively little information.

    Forming Impressions of Others

    • Impression formation: Process by which an individual organizes information about another person to form an overall impression of that person.
    • Central traits: Major traits considered in forming impressions of others.

    Attribution Processes

    • Understanding the causes of behavior.
    • Attribution theory: Considers how we decide, on the basis of samples of a person's behavior, what the specific causes of that behavior are.
    • Focuses on why is someone acting in a particular way - Asks the "why" question.

    Attribution Biases

    • Halo effect: Phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics.
    • Assumed-similarity bias: Tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself even when meeting them for the first time.
    • Self-serving bias: Tendency to attribute success to personal factors and failure to factors outside oneself.
    • Fundamental attribution error: Tendency to overattribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and minimize the importance of situational causes.

    Social Influence and Groups

    • Social influence: Social groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally.
    • Group: Two or more people who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, are interdependent, and develop and hold norms.

    Conformity

    • Conformity: A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.
    • Characteristics of the group: Status, situation, kind of task, unanimity, and social supporter.
    • Conformity influences behavior through social roles.

    Obedience

    • Obedience: A change in behavior in response to the commands of others.
    • Milgram's classic obedience study: Teacher administered electric shock, and 65% of participants eventually used the highest setting.

    Prejudice and Discrimination

    • Stereotype: Set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members.
    • Prejudice: Negative (or positive) evaluation of a group and its members.
    • Discrimination: Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
    • Self-fulfilling prophecy: Expectations about the occurrence of a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood the event or behavior will occur.

    Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination

    • Increase contact between the target of stereotyping and holder of the stereotype.
    • Make values and norms against prejudice more conspicuous.
    • Provide information about the targets of stereotyping.
    • Reduce stereotype threat.
    • Increase the sense of social belonging of ethnic minority students.

    Aggression and Prosocial Behavior

    • Hurting others: Aggression.
    • Instinct approaches: Aggression as a release.
    • Biological and biochemical approaches: Evolutionary, testosterone, and frustration-aggression.
    • Prosocial behavior: Helping behavior.
    • Bystander effect: The presence of others inhibits helping behavior.
    • Diffusion of responsibility: Belief that responsibility for intervening is shared.
    • Pluralistic ignorance: Erroneous inference that others accept a norm.

    Interpersonal Attraction and the Development of Relationships

    • Interpersonal attraction: Positive feelings for others; liking and loving.
    • Factors that attract people to each other: Proximity, familiarity, similarity, reciprocity, and physical attractiveness.
    • Differentiation between types of love: Commitment, intimacy, and passion.

    Positive and Negative Social Behavior

    • Why are we attracted to certain people, and what progression do social relationships follow?

    • Asch study: Conformity conclusions.

    • Zimbardo's experiment: Guards vs. prisoners, and conforming to social roles.

    • Milgram's classic obedience study: Obedience is a change in behavior in response to the commands of others.### Interpersonal Attraction

    • Interpersonal attraction refers to positive feelings for others, including liking and loving.

    • Factors that attract people to each other include:

      • Proximity: the tendency to like those who are near us
      • Familiarity: the mere-exposure-effect, where we tend to like those we see often
      • Similarity: the tendency to like those who are like us
      • Reciprocity: the tendency to like those who like us
      • Physical attractiveness: the tendency to like those who look attractive

    Types of Love

    • Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love differentiates between three components:
      • Commitment: the decision to commit and the longer-term feelings of commitment to maintain love
      • Intimacy: feelings of closeness and connectedness
      • Passion: motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance
    • Types of love include:
      • Romantic love: a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another
      • Companionate love: strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved

    Aggression and Prosocial Behavior

    • Aggression is the intentional injury of, or harm to, another person.
    • Examples of aggression include the "hotsauce study" (2006).
    • Observational learning approaches emphasize that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive.
    • Models (individuals who provide a guide to appropriate behavior through their own behavior) can influence aggressive behavior through rewards and punishments.

    Helping Others

    • Prosocial behavior refers to helping behavior.
    • The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others inhibits helping behavior (e.g. Darley & Latane, 1968).
    • Diffusion of responsibility occurs when the belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those present.
    • Pluralistic ignorance occurs when an erroneous inference is made that others accept a norm, therefore causing the person to go along with it.
    • Rewards-costs analysis suggests that individuals tend to use the least costly form of implementing help.
    • Altruism is helping behavior that requires self-sacrifice, and is often based on temporary situational factors.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    GenPsy L15 Social Psychology PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of social psychology, including how people form impressions of others and the biases that influence their views. It also explores the cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser