Social Problems and Theoretical Perspectives
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What is a key assumption of the structural functional perspective on social problems?

  • Good and stable infrastructures are essential for societal function. (correct)
  • Social problems are primarily caused by individual choices.
  • Inequalities between social groups lead to societal dysfunction.
  • Social structures operate uniformly for all citizens.

    • Which theorist is associated with the concept of collective consciousness?

  • Durkheim (correct)
  • Gans
  • Spencer
  • Marx

    • What does the theory of differential access or strain theory primarily address?

  • The role of government in regulating social behavior.
  • The impact of education on economic success.
  • Blocked opportunities leading to similar goals and values. (correct)
  • The influence of social media on social movements.

    • In the context of social construction, what is a primary focus when studying issues like homelessness?

    <p>Analyzing claims and claims makers impacting public perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is most closely related to the idea that societal structures often do not serve all citizens equally?

    <p>Stratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the primary consequence of mass incarceration as identified by the Structural Functionalist perspective?

    <p>Public safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically included in the Social Determinants of Health?

    <p>Political influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Conflict perspective, what is a significant effect of monetary sanctions?

    <p>Reinforcement of social control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gini Coefficient measures what aspect of a society?

    <p>Economic inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a latent function of mass incarceration according to the Structural Functionalist perspective?

    <p>Political disenfranchisement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key theme in Howie Becker's Labeling Theory as it applies to crime?

    <p>The mental impact of being labeled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What socio-economic factor significantly contributes to health disparities in lower income residents?

    <p>Higher levels of pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of health disparities, which is considered a social issue related to the experience of poor health?

    <p>Access to medical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AIDS stand for?

    <p>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is the most effective in reducing the likelihood of contracting HIV?

    <p>Abstinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way HIV can be transmitted from mother to child?

    <p>Breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about HIV transmission?

    <p>It can be transmitted through saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many new HIV infections occur each year in the U.S.?

    <p>About 50,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was initially most associated with the AIDS epidemic?

    <p>Men who have sex with men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the first case of AIDS reported in the U.S.?

    <p>1981</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has contributed to the transmission of HIV among the gay community?

    <p>Initial lack of awareness of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What CD4 cell count indicates an individual no longer protects themselves against AIDS-defining illnesses?

    <p>200 cells per cubic millimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an AIDS-defining illness?

    <p>Common cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)?

    <p>Fungal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social perspective focuses on how societal claims and labels impact action regarding HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Social construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social aspect is particularly linked to the historical designation of GRID as a term related to HIV?

    <p>It was associated with marginalized groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recurrent bacterial infection associated with HIV?

    <p>Salmonella septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual or group might be least likely to be recognized as a claims maker in the context of HIV social issues?

    <p>Individuals living with HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary social impact of stigma in relation to HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Barriers to treatment and care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to position of privilege in society?

    <p>Abundance of healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of stigma and racism?

    <p>Creation of stereotypes that hinder access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts addresses the impact of life stages on social disadvantages?

    <p>Cumulative disadvantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do gatekeepers play in societal access?

    <p>Creating barriers to resources through policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Cultural context influence societal behavior?

    <p>It shapes values and beliefs impacting actions and interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a theme related to inequality?

    <p>Education is linked to economic opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential factor in reproducing social inequality?

    <p>Structural changes in institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic experiences higher hurdles throughout their life course?

    <p>Marginalized and underrepresented communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Minority Threat Hypothesis suggest about societal interactions?

    <p>The presence of minorities leads to an increased sense of threat among the dominant group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research identifies wealth accumulation disparities?

    <p>Oliver &amp; Shapiro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concept of critical race theory as proposed by Daniel Solorzano?

    <p>Racism is central and endemic to society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorist is NOT associated with symbolic interaction theory?

    <p>Crenshaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of race, class, and gender in social analysis?

    <p>Intersectionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Code of the Street primarily relate to?

    <p>Respect and cultural norms in violent neighborhoods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The work done by Harris concerning monetary sanctions focuses on what aspect?

    <p>Social control over poor and people of color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the research conducted by Massey & Denton?

    <p>Residential segregation and its consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mass Conviction and Incarceration

    • 500% increase since 1974
    • Racial disproportionality
    • Exceptional comparatively

    Social Constructionist

    • Policy and legal changes led to expansion
    • Mass media events
    • Examples: Polly Klass

    Structural Functionalist

    • Manifest function: public safety
    • Latent function: political disenfranchisement, collateral consequences (legal, social)

    Conflict

    • Monetary sanctions (LFOs)
    • Intended/purposeful consequences
    • Critical Race Theory (CRT)
    • Misdemeanor Justice (social control)
    • Minority Threat (juvenile justice)

    Symbolic Interaction Perspective

    • Devah Pager: The Mark of a Criminal Record
    • Elijah Anderson: Code of the Street
    • Howie Becker: Labeling Theory

    Lecture 12

    • Health disparities as a social problem
    • HIV/AIDS introduction

    Determinants of Health

    • Biological and social perspectives of health
    • Recent research considers the Social Determinants of Health
    • Access to health care
    • Education
    • Economic stability
    • Social and community context (neighborhood, environment)
    • Health disparities linked to poverty, neighborhood context, criminal justice issues

    U.S. Health Disparities

    • Class disparities
    • Lower income residents experience fewer healthy days
    • Air pollution-related disparities geographically linked to fine particulates and ozone

    AIDS as a Social Problem

    • Sociological perspective
    • Exploring moral associations with AIDS
    • Attitudes and images
    • Research into stigma, poverty, racial/ethnic inequality, drug use

    What is AIDS and HIV?

    • HIV transmission methods
    • Best ways to decrease HIV likelihood
    • Current global HIV/AIDS infection numbers

    AIDS in the U.S.

    • First reported case date in the U.S
    • HIV progression and causes
    • Number of people with AIDS
    • Estimated AIDS related deaths

    HIV Transmission

    • Penetrative sex
    • Blood transfusion
    • Sharing contaminated needles
    • Mother to infant transmission

    Mother-to-Child Transmission

    • Risks during pregnancy and childbirth
    • Risks through breastfeeding

    History of AIDS

    • Monkey to human transmission link
    • Earliest known cases linked to adults

    HIV Incidence and Diagnoses

    • Stable overall incidence rate (approximately 50,000 new infections per year)
    • HIV diagnoses figures, including in 2013
    • Number of people globally with AIDS

    2023 Global HIV Stats

    • Global prevalence

    People Infected with HIV

    • Median prevalence (ages 15-49)
    • Increased prevalence in specific groups (women, gay men, sex workers, drug users, prisoners)
    • Prevalence figures for specific regions (Sub-saharan Africa)

    Diagnosing AIDS

    • CD4 count measurement methods and threshold
    • Conditions of opportunistic illness
    • Diseases linked to AIDS

    Summary Lectures

    • HIV/AIDS transmission methods
    • Social features of disease
    • Marginalized groups (gay men, people of color)
    • Stigmatization
    • Intersectionality

    Social Construction

    • How societies label and respond to social issues
    • Claims makers, power dynamics, and social problems

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    Mass Conviction and Incarceration PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts and assumptions from various sociological perspectives, including Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Labeling Theory. It addresses social issues like homelessness, mass incarceration, and the effects of societal structures, enhancing understanding of how these theories apply to real-world problems.

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